Abstract
Background: The importance of increased resting heart rate in hypertensive patients was highlighted in the European Society of Hypertension statement on the identification and management of hypertensive patient with elevated heart rate.
Methods: Review of the available literature.
Results: Increased heart rate is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality even after adjustment for other conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Resting heart rate is correlated with blood pressure and prospectively related to the development of hypertension, as shown in numerous general population and hypertensive cohorts. Patients with hypertension may be characterized by increased sympathetic activation, and increased heart rate is considered a simple marker of increased sympathetic nervous activity. The definition of tachycardia is debatable as in clinical practice, tachycardia is generally defined as resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute (bpm) but this definition does not take into account epidemiological data and risk related to increased heart rate. Available evidence suggests that a lower threshold defining an increased resting heart rate should be adopted. In large hypertensive cohorts, approximately one third of the studied subjects had resting heart rate above 80-85 bpm and many of these patients had features of the metabolic/insulin resistance syndrome. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension increases with age and the hemodynamic pattern of hypertension in older subjects is not characterized by increased heart rate.
Conclusions: These reasons, in addition to the fact that heart rate is variable and depends on multiple factors, may explain why not all patients with hypertension are tachycardic at rest.
Keywords: Resting heart rate, hypertension, tachycardia, blood pressure, hypertensive cohorts, hemodynamic pattern.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Why Not All Hypertensive Patients Are Tachycardic at Rest?
Volume: 23 Issue: 31
Author(s): Maciej Sinski*, Piotr Jedrusik and Jacek Lewandowski
Affiliation:
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw,Poland
Keywords: Resting heart rate, hypertension, tachycardia, blood pressure, hypertensive cohorts, hemodynamic pattern.
Abstract: Background: The importance of increased resting heart rate in hypertensive patients was highlighted in the European Society of Hypertension statement on the identification and management of hypertensive patient with elevated heart rate.
Methods: Review of the available literature.
Results: Increased heart rate is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality even after adjustment for other conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Resting heart rate is correlated with blood pressure and prospectively related to the development of hypertension, as shown in numerous general population and hypertensive cohorts. Patients with hypertension may be characterized by increased sympathetic activation, and increased heart rate is considered a simple marker of increased sympathetic nervous activity. The definition of tachycardia is debatable as in clinical practice, tachycardia is generally defined as resting heart rate over 100 beats per minute (bpm) but this definition does not take into account epidemiological data and risk related to increased heart rate. Available evidence suggests that a lower threshold defining an increased resting heart rate should be adopted. In large hypertensive cohorts, approximately one third of the studied subjects had resting heart rate above 80-85 bpm and many of these patients had features of the metabolic/insulin resistance syndrome. Furthermore, the prevalence of hypertension increases with age and the hemodynamic pattern of hypertension in older subjects is not characterized by increased heart rate.
Conclusions: These reasons, in addition to the fact that heart rate is variable and depends on multiple factors, may explain why not all patients with hypertension are tachycardic at rest.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Sinski Maciej*, Jedrusik Piotr and Lewandowski Jacek, Why Not All Hypertensive Patients Are Tachycardic at Rest?, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (31) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170608085629
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170608085629 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Diabetic Retinopathy: Recent Updates on Different Biomarkers and Some Therapeutic Agents
Current Diabetes Reviews Acute Myocardial Infarction: High Risk Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias and Admission Glucose Level in Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews Acute Cardioembolic Cerebral Infarction: Answers to Clinical Questions
Current Cardiology Reviews Na+/Ca2+ Exchange Inhibitors: A New Class of Calcium Regulators
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Vasomotor Effects of Iodinated Contrast Media: Just Side Effects?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Epinephrine and its Role in the Development of Obesity and Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Renal and Hepatic Transporter Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Drug Metabolism Letters Medications Affecting Functional Status in Older Persons
Current Pharmaceutical Design Recent Patents on the Upgrading of Fish by-Products
Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering Molecular Mechanisms Involving Sigma-1 Receptor in Cell Apoptosis of BV-2 Microglial Cells Induced by Methamphetamine
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets The Renin-Angiotensin System: New Insight into Old Therapies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Some Developments Regarding Functional Food Products (Functional Foods)
Current Nutrition & Food Science Cardiovascular Complications in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Current Hypertension Reviews Structure Based Drug Design of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Current Medicinal Chemistry Systemic Sclerosis Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease - Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD), A Review of Published Patents and Patent Applications
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Targeted Cancer Therapy: The Next Generation of Cancer Treatment
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Caregiver Burden in Fragile X Families
Current Psychiatry Reviews Is there a Relationship Between Gestational Diabetes and Postpartum Depression?
Current Women`s Health Reviews The Role of Lifestyle Change in the Prevention and Treatment of NAFLD
Current Pharmaceutical Design