Abstract
New evidence of the interactions between the immune system and bone has accumulated in bone diseases, including osteoporosis, periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. A marked imbalance between bone resorption and formation is central to the onset of pathological bone loss. Osteoimmunology has revealed that the immune system, including T cells, B cells and inflammatory cytokines, is a key regulator of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Th1 cells, which differentiate from CD4+T cells, are thought to play a major function during bone loss. Moreover, the correlated expression of Th1 cytokines (interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ)) and bone-resorbing cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1) also plays a key role during inflammatory induced bone resorption. Furthermore, a relatively new member of the CD4+T cell family Th17 displays the ability to promote osteoclast activity. The effect of IFN-γ and IL-17 released by Th 17 cells on pre-osteoclast proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis provides the preliminary basis for the immune mechanism of pathological bone loss. The role of B cells in osteoimmunological interactions has long been suspected based on findings of B cells as active regulators of the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis. Pathological bone loss, including osteoporosis and human immunodeficiency virus-associated bone loss, are related to the altered RANKL/OPG through modified production by B cells, supporting this assumption. All of the above evidence may provide new theoretical explanations for the relationship between bone metabolism and the immune system as well as offer perspectives for the prevention and treatment of pathological bone loss.
Keywords: Bone loss, osteoclast, osteoblast, osteoimmuology, T cells, B cells.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:‘Osteoimmunology' Offers New Perspectives for the Treatment of Pathological Bone Loss
Volume: 23 Issue: 41
Author(s): Hongrui Liu, Tingting Luo, Jiali Tan, Minqi Li and Jie Guo*
Affiliation:
- School of Stomatology Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan,China
Keywords: Bone loss, osteoclast, osteoblast, osteoimmuology, T cells, B cells.
Abstract: New evidence of the interactions between the immune system and bone has accumulated in bone diseases, including osteoporosis, periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. A marked imbalance between bone resorption and formation is central to the onset of pathological bone loss. Osteoimmunology has revealed that the immune system, including T cells, B cells and inflammatory cytokines, is a key regulator of both osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Th1 cells, which differentiate from CD4+T cells, are thought to play a major function during bone loss. Moreover, the correlated expression of Th1 cytokines (interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ)) and bone-resorbing cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1) also plays a key role during inflammatory induced bone resorption. Furthermore, a relatively new member of the CD4+T cell family Th17 displays the ability to promote osteoclast activity. The effect of IFN-γ and IL-17 released by Th 17 cells on pre-osteoclast proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis provides the preliminary basis for the immune mechanism of pathological bone loss. The role of B cells in osteoimmunological interactions has long been suspected based on findings of B cells as active regulators of the RANK/RANKL/OPG axis. Pathological bone loss, including osteoporosis and human immunodeficiency virus-associated bone loss, are related to the altered RANKL/OPG through modified production by B cells, supporting this assumption. All of the above evidence may provide new theoretical explanations for the relationship between bone metabolism and the immune system as well as offer perspectives for the prevention and treatment of pathological bone loss.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Liu Hongrui , Luo Tingting , Tan Jiali, Li Minqi and Guo Jie*, ‘Osteoimmunology' Offers New Perspectives for the Treatment of Pathological Bone Loss, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (41) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170511124459
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170511124459 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Epidermal Growth Factor Facilitated by Dual Peptide Chaperone Motifs
Protein & Peptide Letters Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Bone Tissue Regeneration - Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Recent Clinical Evidence in Bisphosphonate-related Osteomyelitis of the Jaw: Focus on Risk, Prevention and Treatment
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Dental Stem Cell Patents
Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Matrix Metalloproteinases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Recent Progress on Hydroxyapatite-Based Dense Biomaterials for Load Bearing Bone Substitutes
Recent Patents on Materials Science Editorial (Thematic Issue: Modern and Alternative Matters in Oral Health Maintenance)
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Towards Isozyme-Selective HDAC Inhibitors For Interrogating Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Antagonism by Bioactive Polyphenols Against Inflammation: A Systematic View
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Point of NO Return for Nitrergic Nerves in Diabetes: A New Insight into Diabetic Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Anti-Cancer Strategy in Bone Tumors by Targeting Molecular and Cellular Modulators of Bone Resorption
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Baicalin Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Cementoblast Lineage Cells Via the Wnt/β Catenin Signaling Pathway
Current Pharmaceutical Design Temporally and Spatially Restricted Gene Expression Profiling
Current Genomics Comparison of Salivary Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress Status in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Pregnant Women
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Antimicrobial Peptides in Oral Cancer
Current Pharmaceutical Design Drug Discovery of Antimicrobial Photosensitizers Using Animal Models
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Modulation of Growth Factors and Cytokines in Regenerative Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Economics of Pharmacogenomics
Current Pharmacogenomics Anticancer Actions of Omega-3 Fatty Acids - Current State and Future Perspectives
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry