Abstract
Pyrethroids exist in numerous commercial insecticide formulations and have been used extensively all over the globe for pest control indoors and outdoors in many fields such as agriculture, public health, home use, and veterinary applications. The use of pyrethroids has increased continuously in recent years. This review aims to provide the latest research progress on newly developed haptens and antibodies, as well as their main applications in monitoring pyrethroid residues in the medical, environmental and agricultural fields. Two types of haptens were designed for pyrethroid insecticides. One recognized only a specific pyrethroid insecticide, whereas the other detected a series of pyrethroid insecticides with common molecular structures. Haptens and their conjugates were prepared to produce either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. The literature reviews have shown that a major trend for using enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methods to detect pyrethroid pesticide residues is to design universal immune haptens and prepare selective broad-spectrum antibodies. Besides, to develop immune detection methods for pyrethroid residues is an important research and development topic for monitoring the quality and safety of agricultural products worldwide.
Keywords: Pyrethroid chemicals, hapten, antibody, immunoassay, medical fields, environmental and agricultural fields.
Graphical Abstract
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances of Heterocyclic Chemistry with Pesticide Activity
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Calculation design of covalent/metal organic framework based catalysts
This research area combines theoretical computation and screening with machine learning for the design of covalent/metal organic framework-based catalysts, bridging the disciplines of organic chemistry, physical chemistry, computational chemistry, materials science, and machine learning. It covers several critical aspects: designing and synthesizing organic catalysts for improved performance, applying computational methods ...read more
Carbohydrates conversion in biofuels and bioproducts
Biomass pretreatment, hydrolysis, and saccharification of carbohydrates, and sugars bioconversion in biofuels and bioproducts within a biorefinery framework. Carbohydrates derived from woody biomass, agricultural wastes, algae, sewage sludge, or any other lignocellulosic feedstock are included in this issue. Simulation, techno-economic analysis, and life cycle analysis of a biorefinery process are ...read more
Catalytic C-H bond activation as a tool for functionalization of heterocycles
The major topic is the functionalization of heterocycles through catalyzed C-H bond activation. The strategies based on C-H activation not only provide straightforward formation of C-C or C-X bonds but, more importantly, allow for the avoidance of pre-functionalization of one or two of the cross-coupling partners. The beneficial impact of ...read more
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