Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major diabetes complication and the leading cause for vision loss and blindness in the adult human population. Diabetes, being an endocrinological disorder dysregulates a number of hormonal systems including the renin angiotensin system (RAS), which thereby may damage both vascular and neuronal cells in the retina. Angiotensin II (Ang II), an active component of the RAS is increased in diabetic retina, and may play a significant role in neurovascular damage leading to the progression of DR. In this review article, we highlight the role of Ang II in the pathogenesis of retinal damage in diabetes and discuss a newly identified mechanism involving tissue chymase and angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)] pathways. We also discuss the therapeutic effects of potential RAS inhibitors targeting blockade of cellular Ang II formation to prevent/ protect the retinal damage. Thus, a better understanding of Ang II formation pathways in the diabetic retina will elucidate early molecular mechanism of vision loss. These concepts may provide a novel strategy for preventing and/or treating diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness worldwide.
Keywords: Angiotensin II, chymase, diabetic retinopathy, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system, retina.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Role of Tissue Renin-angiotensin System and the Chymase/angiotensin-( 1-12) Axis in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy
Volume: 24 Issue: 28
Author(s): Mohammad Shamsul Ola*, Abdullah S. Alhomida, Carlos M. Ferrario and Sarfaraz Ahmad*
Affiliation:
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud, University, Riyadh 11451,Saudi Arabia
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest University Health Science, Winston-Salem, NC 27157,United States
Keywords: Angiotensin II, chymase, diabetic retinopathy, neurodegeneration, oxidative stress, renin-angiotensin system, retina.
Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major diabetes complication and the leading cause for vision loss and blindness in the adult human population. Diabetes, being an endocrinological disorder dysregulates a number of hormonal systems including the renin angiotensin system (RAS), which thereby may damage both vascular and neuronal cells in the retina. Angiotensin II (Ang II), an active component of the RAS is increased in diabetic retina, and may play a significant role in neurovascular damage leading to the progression of DR. In this review article, we highlight the role of Ang II in the pathogenesis of retinal damage in diabetes and discuss a newly identified mechanism involving tissue chymase and angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)] pathways. We also discuss the therapeutic effects of potential RAS inhibitors targeting blockade of cellular Ang II formation to prevent/ protect the retinal damage. Thus, a better understanding of Ang II formation pathways in the diabetic retina will elucidate early molecular mechanism of vision loss. These concepts may provide a novel strategy for preventing and/or treating diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness worldwide.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ola Shamsul Mohammad*, Alhomida S. Abdullah , Ferrario M. Carlos and Ahmad Sarfaraz *, Role of Tissue Renin-angiotensin System and the Chymase/angiotensin-( 1-12) Axis in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 24 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170407141955
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170407141955 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
MicroRNA Dysregulation in Alzheimer's Disease
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Neurotoxicity of Insecticides
Current Medicinal Chemistry Review and Research on Feature Selection Methods from NMR Data in Biological Fluids. Presentation of an Original Ensemble Method Applied to Atherosclerosis Field
Current Drug Metabolism Antidiabetic Agents in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease on Dialysis: Metabolism and Clinical Practice
Current Drug Metabolism Blood-Brain Barrier P-Glycoprotein Function in Neurodegenerative Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design TrkB Receptor Agonist 7, 8 Dihydroxyflavone Triggers Profound Gender- Dependent Neuroprotection in Mice After Perinatal Hypoxia and Ischemia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Dysregulation of Neurotrophic and Haematopoietic Growth Factors in Alzheimer’s Disease: From Pathophysiology to Novel Treatment Strategies
Current Alzheimer Research Targeting Glia Cells: Novel Perspectives for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases
Current Neuropharmacology Natural Products as α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and their Hypoglycaemic Potential in the Treatment of Diabetes: An Update
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry RNA Interference: New Therapeutics in Allergic Diseases
Current Gene Therapy A Comprehensive Review on Recent advances in Synthesis & Pharmacotherapeutic potential of Benzothiazoles
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Prophylactic Potential of Conventional and Supercritical Garlic Extracts to Alleviate Diet Related Malfunctions
Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture PUFA Supplements and Type 2 Diabetes in the Elderly
Current Pharmaceutical Design Potential Therapeutic Drugs and Methods for the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry FoxO1 Inhibitors: The Future Medicine for Metabolic Disorders?
Current Diabetes Reviews Minocycline Mediated Mitochondrial Cytoprotection: Premises for Therapy of Cerebrovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Current Drug Targets Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Review from 2004
Current Diabetes Reviews Recent Advances in the Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Emphasis on Kynurenine Pathway Inhibitors
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry The Role of CTLA-4 Gene Polymorphisms in Autoimmune Disease Pathogenesis: A 2012 Update
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Application of Stem Cell Therapy During the Treatment of HIV/AIDS and Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy