Abstract
Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Main steps crucial for the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy involve amongst others the modulation of cell signaling via AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reactive oxygen generation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress under diabetic or hyperglycemic conditions. These processes mediate increased loss of renal cells, such as podocytes, which consequentially leads to renal damage and loss of renal functions, such as structural integrity and glomerular filtration in diabetic nephropathy. The anti-diabetic drug metformin has been widely used for pharmacotherapeutic treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Besides its anti-diabetic actions, recent studies revealed additional nephroprotective effects of metformin in vitro and in vivo. Metformin was found to diminish apoptosis in different experimental renal settings. Moreover, it was shown to reduce albuminuria in diabetic rats as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These effects were demonstrated to be mediated via the AMPK/mTOR signaling axis. These data indicate beneficial and renoprotective effects of metformin in diabetic nephropathy.
Objective: In this review, we will summarize the latest findings regarding the nephroprotective impact of metformin in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we will depict and discuss the therapeutic potential of this drug for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Keywords: Metformin, hyperglycemia, diabetic nephropathy, kidney, renal damage, diabetes mellitus, podocytes, AMP-activated protein kinase.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Update on the Protective Renal Effects of Metformin in Diabetic Nephropathy
Volume: 24 Issue: 31
Author(s): Andreas Eisenreich*Ulrike Leppert
Affiliation:
- Charite- Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Institut fur Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Chariteplatz 1, 10117 Berlin,Germany
Keywords: Metformin, hyperglycemia, diabetic nephropathy, kidney, renal damage, diabetes mellitus, podocytes, AMP-activated protein kinase.
Abstract: Background: Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most important complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Main steps crucial for the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy involve amongst others the modulation of cell signaling via AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), reactive oxygen generation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress under diabetic or hyperglycemic conditions. These processes mediate increased loss of renal cells, such as podocytes, which consequentially leads to renal damage and loss of renal functions, such as structural integrity and glomerular filtration in diabetic nephropathy. The anti-diabetic drug metformin has been widely used for pharmacotherapeutic treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus. Besides its anti-diabetic actions, recent studies revealed additional nephroprotective effects of metformin in vitro and in vivo. Metformin was found to diminish apoptosis in different experimental renal settings. Moreover, it was shown to reduce albuminuria in diabetic rats as well as in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. These effects were demonstrated to be mediated via the AMPK/mTOR signaling axis. These data indicate beneficial and renoprotective effects of metformin in diabetic nephropathy.
Objective: In this review, we will summarize the latest findings regarding the nephroprotective impact of metformin in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we will depict and discuss the therapeutic potential of this drug for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Eisenreich Andreas*, Leppert Ulrike, Update on the Protective Renal Effects of Metformin in Diabetic Nephropathy, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 24 (31) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170404143102
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170404143102 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Emerging Roles for Vasoactive Peptides in Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies Against Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Protein & Peptide Science Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiorenal Protection in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Liver Transporters in Hepatic Drug Disposition: An Update
Current Drug Metabolism Clinically Significant Proteinuria Following the Administration of Sirolimus to Renal Transplant Recipients
Drug Metabolism Letters Identification and Characterization of New Proteins in Podocyte Dysfunction of Membranous Nephropathy by Proteomic Analysis of Renal Biopsy
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Glucose and LDL Lowering: The Need for Intensive Therapy
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease Continuum: Focus on Pharmacologic Management and RAS Blockade
Current Clinical Pharmacology iTRAQ-Based Proteomic Analysis of the Rat Pancreas Following Gastric Bypass Surgery
Current Proteomics Evaluation of B Lymphocyte Deficiencies
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets The Potential Role of Thiamine (Vitamin B1) in Diabetic Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Impact of Ultrasound Contrast Agents in Echocardiographic Assessment of Ischemic Heart Disease
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery “Cardiovascular” Drugs in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Killing Two Birds with One Stone?
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Targeting Adenosine Signaling to Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy
Current Drug Targets Atorvastatin and Diabetic Vascular Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Aquaporin-1 and Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers as Pharmacological Targets in Diabetic Atherosclerosis
Current Drug Targets Valsartan Protects Against Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Induced Apoptosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Melatonin as a Pleiotropic Molecule with Therapeutic Potential for Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry Insights into the Role of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases in Health and Disease
Current Chemical Biology Effects of Estrogens on Atherogenesis
Current Vascular Pharmacology