Abstract
In recent years, many researches put significant efforts into understanding and assessing the functional state of the spinal locomotor circuits in humans. Various techniques have been developed to stimulate the spinal cord circuitries, which may include both diffuse and quite specific tuning effects. Overall, the findings indicate that tonic and rhythmic spinal activity control are not separate phenomena but are closely integrated to properly initiate and sustain stepping. The spinal cord does not simply transmit information to and from the brain. Its physiologic state determines reflex, postural and locomotor control and, therefore, may affect the recovery of the locomotor function in individuals with spinal cord and brain injuries. This review summarizes studies that examine the rhythmogenesis capacity of cervical and lumbosacral neuronal circuitries in humans and its importance in developing central pattern generator-modulating therapies.
Keywords: Central pattern generator, spinal cord, rhythmogenesis, muscle tone, neuromodulators, sensory input, Kohnstamm phenomenon, electromagnetic stimulation, locomotion.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Tonic and Rhythmic Spinal Activity Underlying Locomotion
Volume: 23 Issue: 12
Author(s): Yury P. Ivanenko*, Victor S. Gurfinkel, Victor A. Selionov, Irina A. Solopova, Francesca Sylos-Labini, Pierre A. Guertin and Francesco Lacquaniti
Affiliation:
- Laboratory of Neuromotor Physiology, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306, Rome 00179,Italy
Keywords: Central pattern generator, spinal cord, rhythmogenesis, muscle tone, neuromodulators, sensory input, Kohnstamm phenomenon, electromagnetic stimulation, locomotion.
Abstract: In recent years, many researches put significant efforts into understanding and assessing the functional state of the spinal locomotor circuits in humans. Various techniques have been developed to stimulate the spinal cord circuitries, which may include both diffuse and quite specific tuning effects. Overall, the findings indicate that tonic and rhythmic spinal activity control are not separate phenomena but are closely integrated to properly initiate and sustain stepping. The spinal cord does not simply transmit information to and from the brain. Its physiologic state determines reflex, postural and locomotor control and, therefore, may affect the recovery of the locomotor function in individuals with spinal cord and brain injuries. This review summarizes studies that examine the rhythmogenesis capacity of cervical and lumbosacral neuronal circuitries in humans and its importance in developing central pattern generator-modulating therapies.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ivanenko P. Yury*, Gurfinkel S. Victor, Selionov A. Victor, Solopova A. Irina, Sylos-Labini Francesca, Guertin A. Pierre and Lacquaniti Francesco, Tonic and Rhythmic Spinal Activity Underlying Locomotion, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (12) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170125152246
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170125152246 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy with Hypsarrhythmia (Infantile Spasms/West Syndrome) and Immunity
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Drugs in Newborn Resuscitation: The More We Learn the Least We Use
Current Medicinal Chemistry Haloperidol Cytotoxicity and Its Relation to Oxidative Stress
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Curcuminoids in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Donepezil Derivatives Targeting Amyloid-β Cascade in Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Abdominal Oncology
Current Medical Imaging Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Subject Index To Volume 7
Current Pharmaceutical Design Application of NMR Spectroscopy in Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Discovery
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Unmasking Sex-Based Disparity in Neuronal Metabolism
Current Pharmaceutical Design Goal Directed Fluid Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Molecules as Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Upper and Lower GI Tract Ulcers
Current Pharmaceutical Design Potential Use of Nanomedicine for Drug Delivery Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Healthy and Diseased Brain
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs): A Comprehensive Computational Perspective
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Melatonin Causes Gene Expression in Aged Animals to Respond to Inflammatory Stimuli in a Manner Differing from that of Young Animals
Current Aging Science A Review on Rheumatoid Arthritis Interventions and Current Developments
Current Drug Targets Effects of Physical Exercise on Depressive Symptoms and Biomarkers in Depression
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Traumatic Brain Injury: Preclinical Imaging Diagnostic(s) and Therapeutic Approaches
Current Pharmaceutical Design Efficacy of PD-1 or PD-L1 Inhibitors and Central Nervous System Metastases in Advanced Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Current Cancer Drug Targets Potential Role of Natural Compounds Against Skin Aging
Current Medicinal Chemistry