Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Despite the vast pharmaceutical armamentarium, current therapeutic options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus were unable to provide consistent cardiovascular benefits, apart for metformin. The newest antidiabetic class of drugs, the SGLT-2 inhibitors, seem to provide significant survival benefits. The aim of this review is to present available data that will clarify whether SGLT-2 inhibitors could precipitate in reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify available data from clinical and experimental studies evaluating the impact of SGLT-2 inhibitors in cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes. Results: Along with a mild antihyperglycemic effect, SGLT-2 inhibitors seem to possess multi-dimensional properties, affecting positively several recognized cardiovascular risk factors such as increased blood pressure, arterial stiffness, body weight and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, preliminary data point towards additional benefits, including reduction of albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy, and reduction of oxidative markers and fatty liver disease in experimental models. The efficacy and safety profile of empagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, was evaluated in the EMPA-REG outcome study, and the results were quite impressive. Further credence comes from the analysis of pooled data of SGLT-2 inhibitors trials that have shown similar results. Conclusion: SGLT-2 Inhibitors seem to be related with ameliorating effects on multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The first data from the EMPA-REG outcome study are indeed very promising. Several ongoing cardiovascular studies with this novel class of drugs will shed light and enforce or question current enthusiasm.Keywords: SGLT-2 inhibitors, cardiovascular risk, cardiovascular events, blood pressure, body weight, lipids, kidneys function, albuminuria.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive and Critical Review of the Literature
Volume: 23 Issue: 10
Author(s): Konstantinos Imprialos, Charles Faselis, Chrysoula Boutari, Konstantinos Stavropoulos, Vasilios Athyros, Asterios Karagiannis and Michael Doumas*
Affiliation:
- 49, Konstantinoupoleos Street, 54643 Thessaloniki,Greece
Keywords: SGLT-2 inhibitors, cardiovascular risk, cardiovascular events, blood pressure, body weight, lipids, kidneys function, albuminuria.
Abstract: Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Despite the vast pharmaceutical armamentarium, current therapeutic options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus were unable to provide consistent cardiovascular benefits, apart for metformin. The newest antidiabetic class of drugs, the SGLT-2 inhibitors, seem to provide significant survival benefits. The aim of this review is to present available data that will clarify whether SGLT-2 inhibitors could precipitate in reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify available data from clinical and experimental studies evaluating the impact of SGLT-2 inhibitors in cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes. Results: Along with a mild antihyperglycemic effect, SGLT-2 inhibitors seem to possess multi-dimensional properties, affecting positively several recognized cardiovascular risk factors such as increased blood pressure, arterial stiffness, body weight and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, preliminary data point towards additional benefits, including reduction of albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy, and reduction of oxidative markers and fatty liver disease in experimental models. The efficacy and safety profile of empagliflozin, an SGLT-2 inhibitor, was evaluated in the EMPA-REG outcome study, and the results were quite impressive. Further credence comes from the analysis of pooled data of SGLT-2 inhibitors trials that have shown similar results. Conclusion: SGLT-2 Inhibitors seem to be related with ameliorating effects on multiple cardiovascular risk factors. The first data from the EMPA-REG outcome study are indeed very promising. Several ongoing cardiovascular studies with this novel class of drugs will shed light and enforce or question current enthusiasm.Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Imprialos Konstantinos, Faselis Charles, Boutari Chrysoula, Stavropoulos Konstantinos, Athyros Vasilios, Karagiannis Asterios and Doumas Michael*, SGLT-2 Inhibitors and Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive and Critical Review of the Literature, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2017; 23 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170124123927
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612823666170124123927 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Arterial Wall Structure and Dynamics in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Methodological Aspects and Pathophysiological Findings
Current Diabetes Reviews Early Urinary Markers for Diabetic and Other Kidney Diseases
Current Drug Targets Sesbania: A Prospective Candidate to be Excavated for Anticancer Drugs
The Natural Products Journal Analysis of Protein Glycation Products by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Current Medicinal Chemistry Fetuin-A: A Multifunctional Protein
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Targeting IL-17 and IL-23 in Immune Mediated Renal Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry A Comprehensive Review on the Genetic Regulation of Cisplatin-induced Nephrotoxicity
Current Genomics Insulin Resistance is Associated with Subclinical Vascular Injury in Patients with a Kidney Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Aliskiren: A New Drug for an Old Problem
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry miR-27b-3p is Highly Expressed in Serum of Patients with Preeclampsia and has Clinical Significance
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Combinations of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Antagonists:True Advantages?
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Diabetic Charcot Foot
Current Diabetes Reviews Role of Endothelin in Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Pathophysiology of Blood-Brain Barrier in Brain Injury in Cold and Hot Environments: Novel Drug Targets for Neuroprotection
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Target-oriented Mechanisms of Novel Herbal Therapeutics in the Chemotherapy of Gastrointestinal Cancer and Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Genetics and Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Diabetes Reviews Effects of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Triterpenoids; Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Agents
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry Opportunities for Pharmacotherapy at the Intersection of Metabolic Syndrome and Hemostasis
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Heme Oxygenase/Biliverdin Reductase Pathway in Drug Research and Development
Current Drug Metabolism