Abstract
The limited distribution of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) to humans, Old World primates and to the European hedgehog, has raised considerable interest and speculation regarding its possible physiological role. Lp(a) has variable circulating concentrations (<0.1 – >100 mg/ml) which are highly genetically determined in humans. These characteristics gave rise to several theories concerning the origins and evolution of Lp(a). Lp(a) has a protective role after injury since Lp(a) particles bind to macrophages and platelets membrane receptors, leading to fibrin activation and injury healing. On the other hand, Lp(a) seems to be implicated in the formation of atheromatic plaques but also in cerebrovascular events and stenosis of the aortic valve.
The main genetic factor determining plasma Lp(a) levels is the Lp(a) gene (LPA). Most Caucasian people have normal plasma Lp(a) concentrations, but there is important distribution variation according to race. Women seem to have increased Lp(a) levels compared with men, while diabetes mellitus type 2 favours lower plasma Lp(a) levels. Nutrition, hormones and several drugs may also influence circulating Lp(a) levels.Keywords: Lipoprotein (a), evolution, genetic factor, race, gender, hormones, drugs.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Lipoprotein (a) Evolution: Possible Benefits and Harm. Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Influencing its Plasma Levels
Volume: 24 Issue: 10
Author(s): Peggy M. Kostakou, George Hatzigeorgiou, Vana Kolovou, Sophie Mavrogeni and Genovefa D. Kolovou*
Affiliation:
- Outpatient Clinics and LDL Apheresis Unit, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, 356 Sygrou Ave 176 74, Athens,Greece
Keywords: Lipoprotein (a), evolution, genetic factor, race, gender, hormones, drugs.
Abstract: The limited distribution of lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) to humans, Old World primates and to the European hedgehog, has raised considerable interest and speculation regarding its possible physiological role. Lp(a) has variable circulating concentrations (<0.1 – >100 mg/ml) which are highly genetically determined in humans. These characteristics gave rise to several theories concerning the origins and evolution of Lp(a). Lp(a) has a protective role after injury since Lp(a) particles bind to macrophages and platelets membrane receptors, leading to fibrin activation and injury healing. On the other hand, Lp(a) seems to be implicated in the formation of atheromatic plaques but also in cerebrovascular events and stenosis of the aortic valve.
The main genetic factor determining plasma Lp(a) levels is the Lp(a) gene (LPA). Most Caucasian people have normal plasma Lp(a) concentrations, but there is important distribution variation according to race. Women seem to have increased Lp(a) levels compared with men, while diabetes mellitus type 2 favours lower plasma Lp(a) levels. Nutrition, hormones and several drugs may also influence circulating Lp(a) levels.Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kostakou M. Peggy, Hatzigeorgiou George, Kolovou Vana, Mavrogeni Sophie and Kolovou D. Genovefa*, Lipoprotein (a) Evolution: Possible Benefits and Harm. Genetic and Non-Genetic Factors Influencing its Plasma Levels, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2017; 24 (10) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170120155412
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170120155412 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins: Challenges and Strategies
Current Drug Targets Pharmacophore Modeling, Atom Based 3D-QSAR and Docking Studies of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Perioperative Management of Obese Parturients
Current Women`s Health Reviews Applications of Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Autoimmune and Immunological Disorders: From Literature to Clinical Practice
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Cerebral Artery Signal Transduction Mechanisms: Developmental Changes in Dynamics and Ca<sup>2+</sup> Sensitivity
Current Vascular Pharmacology Targeting the MCP-1/CCR2 System in Diabetic Kidney Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Tumor-Intrinsic and Tumor-Extrinsic Factors Impacting Hsp90- Targeted Therapy
Current Molecular Medicine Role of C1858T Polymorphism of Lymphoid Tyrosine Phosphatase in Egyptian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews Telmisartan, its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Cardiometabolic Disorders
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery C. elegans Genetic Networks Predict Roles for O-GlcNAc Cycling in Key Signaling Pathways
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Antioxidant Therapy in Diabetic Complications: What is New?
Current Vascular Pharmacology Schistosoma mansoni Antigens as Modulators of the Allergic Inflammatory Response in Asthma
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Updates on Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Natural Products: Towards Antidiabetic Drug Development
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Peptides under Development for the Treatment of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Current Drug Targets - Immune, Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders Important Aspects of Post-Prandial Antidiabetic Drug, Acarbose
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Inflammation-Induced Thrombosis: Mechanisms, Disease Associations and Management
Current Pharmaceutical Design Novel Subtype Specific and Universal Somatostatin Analogues: Clinical Potential and Pitfalls
Current Pharmaceutical Design All for Statins and Statins for All; An Update
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effects of Metformin-Single Therapy on the Level of Inflammatory Markers in Serum of Non-Obese T2DM Patients with NAFLD
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Ursolic Acid and Oleanolic Acid: Pentacyclic Terpenoids with Promising Anti-Inflammatory Activities
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery