Abstract
If we have any hope of achieving a cure for HIV infection, close attention to the cell types capable of getting infected with HIV is necessary. Of these cell types, astrocytes are the most ideal cell type for the formation of such a reservoir. These are long-lived cells with a very low turnover rate and are found in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Although astrocytes are evidently resistant to infection of cell-free HIV in vitro, these cells are efficiently infected via cell-tocell contact by which immature HIV virions bud off lymphocytes and have the ability to directly bind to CXCR4, triggering the process of fusion in the absence of CD4. In this review, we closely examine the evidence for HIV infection of astrocytes in the brain and the mechanisms for viral entry and regulation in this cell type, and discuss an approach for controlling this viral reservoir.
Keywords: Astrocyte, CXCR4, endocytosis, HIV, latency, reservoir.
Current HIV Research
Title:Astrocytes as an HIV Reservoir: Mechanism of HIV Infection
Volume: 14 Issue: 5
Author(s): Guan-Han Li, Lisa Henderson and Avindra Nath
Affiliation:
Keywords: Astrocyte, CXCR4, endocytosis, HIV, latency, reservoir.
Abstract: If we have any hope of achieving a cure for HIV infection, close attention to the cell types capable of getting infected with HIV is necessary. Of these cell types, astrocytes are the most ideal cell type for the formation of such a reservoir. These are long-lived cells with a very low turnover rate and are found in the brain and the gastrointestinal tract. Although astrocytes are evidently resistant to infection of cell-free HIV in vitro, these cells are efficiently infected via cell-tocell contact by which immature HIV virions bud off lymphocytes and have the ability to directly bind to CXCR4, triggering the process of fusion in the absence of CD4. In this review, we closely examine the evidence for HIV infection of astrocytes in the brain and the mechanisms for viral entry and regulation in this cell type, and discuss an approach for controlling this viral reservoir.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Li Guan-Han, Henderson Lisa and Nath Avindra, Astrocytes as an HIV Reservoir: Mechanism of HIV Infection, Current HIV Research 2016; 14 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X14666161006121455
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162X14666161006121455 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Management of HIV: Management of HIV: old challenges and new needs
The aim of this thematic issue is to provide the most recent updates regarding the effective management of HIV infection. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly decreased HIV-related mortality, leading to an enhancement in the quality of life and life expectancy for people living with HIV (PLWH). Despite the numerous advancements ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Nanoparticles as Novel Carrier for Brain Delivery: A Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Regulation of Mitochondrial Function and its Impact in Metabolic Stress
Current Medicinal Chemistry Signal Transduction Inhibitors in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Implications of Epigenetic Mechanisms and their Targets in Cerebral Ischemia Models
Current Neuropharmacology PDGF/PDGFR Signaling and Targeting in Cancer Growth and Progression: Focus on Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer-associated Fibroblasts
Current Pharmaceutical Design Inhibitors of Chronically Active Ras: Potential for Treatment of Human Malignancies
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Anti-inflammatory Phytochemicals for Chemoprevention of Colon Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets Gene Silencing in the Development of Personalized Cancer Treatment: The Targets, the Agents and the Delivery Systems
Current Gene Therapy Advances in Gene Therapy for Bladder Cancer
Current Gene Therapy New Quinoline Based Sulfonamide Derivatives: Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Activity Evaluation Against Pancreatic Cancer Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Matrix Metalloproteinases: A Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Alpha-Interferon and Its Effects on Signalling Pathways Within Cells
Current Protein & Peptide Science Nanotechnologies: A Strategy to Overcome Blood-Brain Barrier
Current Drug Metabolism Cannabinoids: Occurrence and Medicinal Chemistry
Current Medicinal Chemistry Dietary Fatty Acids in Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Diabetes Reviews New Prospects for Nelfinavir in Non-HIV-Related Diseases
Current Molecular Pharmacology Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) Inhibitors as Therapeutics: Rationales, Controversies, Clinical Experience
Current Drug Targets Gold Nanostructures as Photothermal Therapy Agent for Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceutical Strategies Enhancing Cell Penetration Efficiencies of Non-Viral Gene Delivery Systems
Current Gene Therapy Image Integration Procedures in Multisensory Medical Images: A Comprehensive Survey of the State-of-the-art Paradigms
Current Medical Imaging