Abstract
Pertinent to pandemic obesity, the discovery of endogenous peptides that affect the ingestion of food has led to the question of how these ingestive peptides exert their actions in the brain. Whereas peripheral sources provide a ready reserve, the availability of ingestive peptides to their central nervous system targets can be regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Some of the peptides/polypeptides are transported by saturable mechanisms from blood to brain. Examples include leptin, insulin, mahogany, and pancreatic polypeptide. Some enter the brain by passive diffusion, such as neuropeptide Y, orexin A, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, cyclo His-Pro, and amylin. Some others may have essentially no penetration of the BBB; this class includes agouti-related protein, melanin-concentrating hormone, and urocortin. The regulatory function of the BBB can be seen in various physiological states. Hyperglycemia may upregulate transport systems for leptin, urocortin, and galanin-like peptide, whereas fasting can down-regulate those for leptin and galanin-like peptide. Thus, the BBB plays a dynamic role in modulating the passage of ingestive peptides from blood to brain.
Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, feeding, leptin, obesity, transport.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Involvement of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Metabolic Regulation
Volume: 15 Issue: 9
Author(s): Abba J. Kastin and Weihong Pan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, feeding, leptin, obesity, transport.
Abstract: Pertinent to pandemic obesity, the discovery of endogenous peptides that affect the ingestion of food has led to the question of how these ingestive peptides exert their actions in the brain. Whereas peripheral sources provide a ready reserve, the availability of ingestive peptides to their central nervous system targets can be regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Some of the peptides/polypeptides are transported by saturable mechanisms from blood to brain. Examples include leptin, insulin, mahogany, and pancreatic polypeptide. Some enter the brain by passive diffusion, such as neuropeptide Y, orexin A, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, cyclo His-Pro, and amylin. Some others may have essentially no penetration of the BBB; this class includes agouti-related protein, melanin-concentrating hormone, and urocortin. The regulatory function of the BBB can be seen in various physiological states. Hyperglycemia may upregulate transport systems for leptin, urocortin, and galanin-like peptide, whereas fasting can down-regulate those for leptin and galanin-like peptide. Thus, the BBB plays a dynamic role in modulating the passage of ingestive peptides from blood to brain.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kastin J. Abba and Pan Weihong, Involvement of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Metabolic Regulation, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2016; 15 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527315666160920124928
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527315666160920124928 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
From the Editors Perspective: Activity, Anoxia, Angiogenesis, and Alzheimers Disease
Current Neurovascular Research Neuroprotection by Diazoxide in Animal Models for Cerebrovascular Disorders
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Canonical Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signaling Network as Emerging Signaling Cascade for Therapeutic Intervention in Chronic Renal Disease
Current Drug Targets Immunosuppression in Sepsis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Myocardial Metabolism for the Treatment of Stable Angina
Current Pharmaceutical Design Use of Nanotechnology in Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatic Fibrosis: A Review
Current Drug Delivery The First Line of Defense Against Cardiac Hypertrophy
Current Molecular Medicine Oxidative Stress and Pathways of Molecular Hydrogen Effects in Medicine
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Activation in Atherosclerosis and Acute Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Inverse Relationship Between Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease: A Possible Mechanism
Current Alzheimer Research Clinical Utility of Biomarkers in Premature Atherosclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Impact of Sex Hormone Metabolism on the Vascular Effects of Menopausal Hormone Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Drug Metabolism Role of Gap Junction Channel in the Development of Beat-to-Beat Action Potential Repolarization Variability and Arrhythmias
Current Pharmaceutical Design Protective Effects of Astaxanthin on Nephrotoxicity in Rats with Induced Renovascular Occlusion
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Estrogen Receptor Signaling: Impact on Cell Functions
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Does Cyclic Dependent Kinase 5 Play a Significant Role in Determination of Stroke Outcome? Possible Therapeutic Implications
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Inhibitors of Nitrogen Oxide Species Production in Animal Models of Inflammation and Future Directions for Therapy in Inflammatory Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Nutrition, Nitrogen Requirements, Exercise and Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicity in Cancer Patients. A puzzle of Contrasting Truths?
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Beneficial Actions of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Diseases: But, How and Why?
Current Nutrition & Food Science Common Pathways in Health Benefit Properties of RSV in Cardiovascular Diseases, Cancers and Degenerative Pathologies
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology