Abstract
Pertinent to pandemic obesity, the discovery of endogenous peptides that affect the ingestion of food has led to the question of how these ingestive peptides exert their actions in the brain. Whereas peripheral sources provide a ready reserve, the availability of ingestive peptides to their central nervous system targets can be regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Some of the peptides/polypeptides are transported by saturable mechanisms from blood to brain. Examples include leptin, insulin, mahogany, and pancreatic polypeptide. Some enter the brain by passive diffusion, such as neuropeptide Y, orexin A, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, cyclo His-Pro, and amylin. Some others may have essentially no penetration of the BBB; this class includes agouti-related protein, melanin-concentrating hormone, and urocortin. The regulatory function of the BBB can be seen in various physiological states. Hyperglycemia may upregulate transport systems for leptin, urocortin, and galanin-like peptide, whereas fasting can down-regulate those for leptin and galanin-like peptide. Thus, the BBB plays a dynamic role in modulating the passage of ingestive peptides from blood to brain.
Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, feeding, leptin, obesity, transport.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Involvement of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Metabolic Regulation
Volume: 15 Issue: 9
Author(s): Abba J. Kastin and Weihong Pan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Blood-brain barrier, feeding, leptin, obesity, transport.
Abstract: Pertinent to pandemic obesity, the discovery of endogenous peptides that affect the ingestion of food has led to the question of how these ingestive peptides exert their actions in the brain. Whereas peripheral sources provide a ready reserve, the availability of ingestive peptides to their central nervous system targets can be regulated by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Some of the peptides/polypeptides are transported by saturable mechanisms from blood to brain. Examples include leptin, insulin, mahogany, and pancreatic polypeptide. Some enter the brain by passive diffusion, such as neuropeptide Y, orexin A, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, cyclo His-Pro, and amylin. Some others may have essentially no penetration of the BBB; this class includes agouti-related protein, melanin-concentrating hormone, and urocortin. The regulatory function of the BBB can be seen in various physiological states. Hyperglycemia may upregulate transport systems for leptin, urocortin, and galanin-like peptide, whereas fasting can down-regulate those for leptin and galanin-like peptide. Thus, the BBB plays a dynamic role in modulating the passage of ingestive peptides from blood to brain.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kastin J. Abba and Pan Weihong, Involvement of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Metabolic Regulation, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2016; 15 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527315666160920124928
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527315666160920124928 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Heart Failure Modulates the Muscle Reflex
Current Cardiology Reviews Magnesium as a Neuroprotective Agent in Cerebral Ischemia
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Central Nervous System Agents A Novel Danshensu-Tetramethylpyrazine Conjugate DT-018 Provides Cardioprotection by Preserving Mitochondrial Function Through the MEF2D/PGC-1α Pathway
Current Pharmaceutical Design Abietane Diterpenes as Potential Candidates for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Albumin Infusion Therapy in Stroke, Sepsis and the Critically Ill
Current Nutrition & Food Science Vascular effects of flavonoids
Current Medicinal Chemistry Isolation, Characterization and Hypoglycemic Activity of an Acid Polysaccharide Isolated from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill
Letters in Organic Chemistry Assessment of Phytochemicals and Herbal Formula for the Treatment of Depression through Metabolomics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Silybin and Silymarin - New and Emerging Applications in Medicine
Current Medicinal Chemistry Aging and Remodeling During Healing of the Wounded Heart: Current Therapies and Novel Drug Targets
Current Drug Targets HspB8 is Neuroprotective during Oxygen Glucose Deprivation and Reperfusion
Current Neurovascular Research Scutellarin Attenuates Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation and Promotes Astrogliosis in Cerebral Ischemia - A Therapeutic Consideration
Current Medicinal Chemistry Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells Characterization, Function and Relationship with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Current Pharmaceutical Design Physiological and Pathological Role of TRPV1, TRPV2 and TRPV4 Channels in Heart
Current Cardiology Reviews Overlap Syndrome of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Two-Faced Janus
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Neuregulin1 as Novel Therapy for Heart Failure
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nitric Oxide Synthase Function in Exercise
Current Enzyme Inhibition Mitochondria: Prospective Targets for Neuroprotection in Parkinson's Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biological Properties of Baicalein in Cardiovascular System
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Potential Roles of MyomiRs in Cardiac Development and Related Diseases
Current Cardiology Reviews