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Current Pharmaceutical Design

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1381-6128
ISSN (Online): 1873-4286

Review Article

Translational Insight Into Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) From Female Monkeys with PCOS-like Traits

Author(s): David H. Abbott, Jon E. Levine and Daniel A. Dumesic

Volume 22, Issue 36, 2016

Page: [5625 - 5633] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666160715133437

Price: $65

Abstract

Genetics-based studies of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) implicate >20 PCOS risk genes that collectively account for <10% of PCOS. Clinicians now consider that either rare alleles or non-genetic, potentially epigenetic, developmental origins may contribute key pathogenic components to >90% of PCOS cases. Animal models convincingly demonstrate excess fetal testosterone exposure in females as a reliable, epigenetic, developmental origin for PCOS-like traits. In particular, nonhuman primates (NHPs) provide the most faithful emulation of PCOS-like pathophysiology, likely because of close similarities to humans in genomic, developmental, reproductive and metabolic characteristics, as well as aging. Recent appreciation of potential molecular mechanisms contributing to enhanced LH action in both PCOS women (GWAS-based) and PCOS-like monkeys (DNA methylation-based) suggest commonality in pathogenic origins. This review examines the translational relevance of NHP studies to PCOS, identifying characteristics of newborn females at risk for PCOS-like traits and potential prepubertal treatment interventions to ameliorate PCOS onset.

Keywords: Androgen excess, developmental origins, fetal programming, Barker hypothesis, gestational hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, animal models.


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