Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex, life-long neurodevelopmental disorder currently affecting an estimated 1 out of 68 among children aged 8 y in the United States. ASD has complex genetic and epigenetic features that lead to the phenotype and there is no single genetic marker for the diagnosis. Therefore, the diagnosis for ASD is phenotype- based with no validated or credible laboratory tests available. Evidence-based treatments for ASD are limited. There is no FDA approved medical therapy that addresses either core ASD symptoms or pathophysiological processes associated with ASD. We outline herein, several ASD-associated basic physiological pathways that can be regulated by the small molecule phytochemical sulforaphane, as an example of a druggable small molecule target for which much in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical evidence already exists: (1) redox metabolism/oxidative stress, (2) mitochondrial dysfunction, (3) immune dysregulation/neuroinflammation, (4) febrile illness and the heat shock response, and (5) synaptic dysfunction. Furthermore, we identify the biomarkers that can be used to assess the functioning of these pathways as well as suggesting how these biomarkers could guide novel treatment strategies to correct these biochemical abnormalities in order to improve core and associated symptoms of ASD.
Keywords: Heat shock response, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, sulforaphane, synaptic dysfunction.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Biomarker-Guided Strategy for Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Volume: 15 Issue: 5
Author(s): Hua Liu, Paul Talalay and Jed W. Fahey
Affiliation:
Keywords: Heat shock response, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, sulforaphane, synaptic dysfunction.
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex, life-long neurodevelopmental disorder currently affecting an estimated 1 out of 68 among children aged 8 y in the United States. ASD has complex genetic and epigenetic features that lead to the phenotype and there is no single genetic marker for the diagnosis. Therefore, the diagnosis for ASD is phenotype- based with no validated or credible laboratory tests available. Evidence-based treatments for ASD are limited. There is no FDA approved medical therapy that addresses either core ASD symptoms or pathophysiological processes associated with ASD. We outline herein, several ASD-associated basic physiological pathways that can be regulated by the small molecule phytochemical sulforaphane, as an example of a druggable small molecule target for which much in vitro, pre-clinical, and clinical evidence already exists: (1) redox metabolism/oxidative stress, (2) mitochondrial dysfunction, (3) immune dysregulation/neuroinflammation, (4) febrile illness and the heat shock response, and (5) synaptic dysfunction. Furthermore, we identify the biomarkers that can be used to assess the functioning of these pathways as well as suggesting how these biomarkers could guide novel treatment strategies to correct these biochemical abnormalities in order to improve core and associated symptoms of ASD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Liu Hua, Talalay Paul and W. Fahey Jed, Biomarker-Guided Strategy for Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2016; 15 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527315666160413120414
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527315666160413120414 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance T2-weighted Imaging of Myocardial Edema in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery The Anti-Inflammatory Potential of ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas Receptor Axis: Evidence from Basic and Clinical Research
Current Drug Targets Targeting the Inflammatory Response in Healing Myocardial Infarcts
Current Medicinal Chemistry Drug Disposition in Pathophysiological Conditions
Current Drug Metabolism Chlorogenic Acid Suppresses a Cell Adhesion Molecule in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis in Mice
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Human Heart Failure: A Proteomics Perspective
Current Proteomics A Palliative Care Approach to the Advanced Heart Failure Patient
Current Cardiology Reviews Cardiac Biomarkers in Stroke, Alzheimer’s Disease, and Other Dementia. Are They of Use? A Brief Overview of Data from Recent Investigations
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Insulin Therapy in Cardiac Surgery
Current Diabetes Reviews Functional Variants of the Interleukin-23 Receptor Gene in Non-Gastrointestinal Autoimmune Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Terminalia arjuna in Cardiovascular Diseases: Making the Transition from Traditional to Modern Medicine in India
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Update on the Evaluation and Management of Brief Resolved Unexplained Events (Previously Apparent Life-Threatening Events)
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Stress Echocardiography
Current Pharmaceutical Design Epigenetic Regulation in Particulate Matter-Mediated Cardiopulmonary Toxicities: A Systems Biology Perspective
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Endothelial Cell Regulation of Cardiac Metabolism Following Diabetes
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy: Mechanistic Insights into High Glucose-Induced Retinal Cell Death
Current Clinical Pharmacology Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Imaging in Patients after Coronary Revascularization
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) G Protein-Coupled Receptors – Potential Roles in Clinical Pharmacology
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Chaperones and Cardiac Misfolding Protein Diseases
Current Protein & Peptide Science