Abstract
The number of pregnant women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing among Caucasians, and East Asians. GDM also increases the risk for later advent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease in both women and their offspring. The underlying mechanism of GDM is not fully elucidated. Incretins such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), have been suggested to have a role in maternal metabolism and weight as well as fetal growth. These hormones might be implicated in mechanisms that compensate for the increment in glycemia and insulin resistance seen during pregnancy, while other factors, such as heredity, environment and lifestyle, but also different race/ethnic background might also lead to the comorbid health problems. Some studies indicate that pregnancy is associated with a diminished GLP-1 response which is more prominently evident in women with GDM and normalizes after delivery. Postprandial GIP level seems to be unaffected by pregnancy, despite its increased level in GDM. On the other hand, the reduced incretin effect observed in GDM may represent a risk factor for obesity, T2DM and metabolic disorders even in the offspring of these women. Further investigations are needed to establish the exact role of incretins in pregnancy and gestational glucose intolerance.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes, incretins, obesity, pregnancy, type 2 diabetes.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title:Incretins, Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes
Volume: 17 Issue: 7
Author(s): Dragana Nikolic, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Noor Al Busaidi, Khalid Al-Waili, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Khamis Al-Hashmi, Giuseppe Montalto, Ali A. Rizvi, Manfredi Rizzo and Tamima Al-Dughaishi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Gestational diabetes, incretins, obesity, pregnancy, type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: The number of pregnant women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing among Caucasians, and East Asians. GDM also increases the risk for later advent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease in both women and their offspring. The underlying mechanism of GDM is not fully elucidated. Incretins such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), have been suggested to have a role in maternal metabolism and weight as well as fetal growth. These hormones might be implicated in mechanisms that compensate for the increment in glycemia and insulin resistance seen during pregnancy, while other factors, such as heredity, environment and lifestyle, but also different race/ethnic background might also lead to the comorbid health problems. Some studies indicate that pregnancy is associated with a diminished GLP-1 response which is more prominently evident in women with GDM and normalizes after delivery. Postprandial GIP level seems to be unaffected by pregnancy, despite its increased level in GDM. On the other hand, the reduced incretin effect observed in GDM may represent a risk factor for obesity, T2DM and metabolic disorders even in the offspring of these women. Further investigations are needed to establish the exact role of incretins in pregnancy and gestational glucose intolerance.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nikolic Dragana, Al-Rasadi Khalid, Al Busaidi Noor, Al-Waili Khalid, Banerjee Yajnavalka, Al-Hashmi Khamis, Montalto Giuseppe, A. Rizvi Ali, Rizzo Manfredi and Al-Dughaishi Tamima, Incretins, Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2016; 17 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201017666160127110125
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201017666160127110125 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence in Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that analyzes and explores biological data. This field combines biology and information system. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted great attention as it tries to replicate human intelligence. It has become common technology for analyzing and solving complex data and problems and encompasses sub-fields of machine ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
NPY and Cardiac Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Promoting and Preserving Careers in Women’s Health through Wellness: A Shared Responsibility
Current Women`s Health Reviews Antidepressants: Update on Benefits and Risks
Current Psychopharmacology Diabetes Mellitus: Novel Insights, Analysis and Interpretation of Pathophysiology and Complications Management with Imidazole-Containing Peptidomimetic Antioxidants
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation A<sub>3</sub> Adenosine Receptor: A Plausible Therapeutic Target for Cardio-Protection in Diabetes
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Chitosan and Its Use in Design of Insulin Delivery System
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Matrix Metalloproteinases as Drug Targets in Preeclampsia
Current Drug Targets Can Life Before Birth Affect Health Ever After?
Current Women`s Health Reviews Thrombophilia in Pregnancy: Maternal and Fetal Implications
Current Women`s Health Reviews Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis, Utilization and Pharmacological Effects
Current Drug Metabolism Postprandial Glucose - A Potential Therapeutic Target to Reduce Cardiovascular Mortality
Current Vascular Pharmacology Antidiabetic Potential of Naturally Occurring Sesquiterpenes: A Review
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Clomiphene Citrate, Metformin or Both for Ovulation Induction in Therapy Naïve Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)? A Descriptive Review
Current Drug Therapy Plasma Glucose Concentrations and Cardiac Hypertrophy in Essential Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Relationship Between Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase and NMDA Receptor at Central Synapses
Current Protein & Peptide Science Perinatal Exposure to Bisphenol A and Developmental Programming of the Cardiovascular Changes in the Offspring
Current Medicinal Chemistry Getting to Know the Cast - Cellular Interactions and Signaling at the Neurovascular Unit
Current Pharmaceutical Design Proteomic Profiling of Maternal Serum for Early Risk Analysis of Preterm Birth
Current Proteomics The Role of SHP-2 in Cell Signalling and Human Disease
Current Enzyme Inhibition Coffee: A Selected Overview of Beneficial or Harmful Effects on the Cardiovascular System?
Current Vascular Pharmacology