Abstract
The number of pregnant women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing among Caucasians, and East Asians. GDM also increases the risk for later advent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease in both women and their offspring. The underlying mechanism of GDM is not fully elucidated. Incretins such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), have been suggested to have a role in maternal metabolism and weight as well as fetal growth. These hormones might be implicated in mechanisms that compensate for the increment in glycemia and insulin resistance seen during pregnancy, while other factors, such as heredity, environment and lifestyle, but also different race/ethnic background might also lead to the comorbid health problems. Some studies indicate that pregnancy is associated with a diminished GLP-1 response which is more prominently evident in women with GDM and normalizes after delivery. Postprandial GIP level seems to be unaffected by pregnancy, despite its increased level in GDM. On the other hand, the reduced incretin effect observed in GDM may represent a risk factor for obesity, T2DM and metabolic disorders even in the offspring of these women. Further investigations are needed to establish the exact role of incretins in pregnancy and gestational glucose intolerance.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes, incretins, obesity, pregnancy, type 2 diabetes.
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
Title:Incretins, Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes
Volume: 17 Issue: 7
Author(s): Dragana Nikolic, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Noor Al Busaidi, Khalid Al-Waili, Yajnavalka Banerjee, Khamis Al-Hashmi, Giuseppe Montalto, Ali A. Rizvi, Manfredi Rizzo and Tamima Al-Dughaishi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Gestational diabetes, incretins, obesity, pregnancy, type 2 diabetes.
Abstract: The number of pregnant women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing among Caucasians, and East Asians. GDM also increases the risk for later advent of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and cardiovascular disease in both women and their offspring. The underlying mechanism of GDM is not fully elucidated. Incretins such as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), have been suggested to have a role in maternal metabolism and weight as well as fetal growth. These hormones might be implicated in mechanisms that compensate for the increment in glycemia and insulin resistance seen during pregnancy, while other factors, such as heredity, environment and lifestyle, but also different race/ethnic background might also lead to the comorbid health problems. Some studies indicate that pregnancy is associated with a diminished GLP-1 response which is more prominently evident in women with GDM and normalizes after delivery. Postprandial GIP level seems to be unaffected by pregnancy, despite its increased level in GDM. On the other hand, the reduced incretin effect observed in GDM may represent a risk factor for obesity, T2DM and metabolic disorders even in the offspring of these women. Further investigations are needed to establish the exact role of incretins in pregnancy and gestational glucose intolerance.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nikolic Dragana, Al-Rasadi Khalid, Al Busaidi Noor, Al-Waili Khalid, Banerjee Yajnavalka, Al-Hashmi Khamis, Montalto Giuseppe, A. Rizvi Ali, Rizzo Manfredi and Al-Dughaishi Tamima, Incretins, Pregnancy, and Gestational Diabetes, Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 2016; 17 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201017666160127110125
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201017666160127110125 |
Print ISSN 1389-2010 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4316 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Artificial Intelligence in Bioinformatics
Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that analyzes and explores biological data. This field combines biology and information system. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has attracted great attention as it tries to replicate human intelligence. It has become common technology for analyzing and solving complex data and problems and encompasses sub-fields of machine ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
A Case Report of Necrotizing Fasciitis after Cesarean Delivery
Current Women`s Health Reviews Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Neonates and Children: Review and Current Issues
Current Pediatric Reviews Role of Phytomolecules in the Treatment of Obesity: Targets, Mechanisms and Limitations
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Interactions of Endothelin and Insulin: Expanding Parameters of Insulin Resistance
Current Diabetes Reviews Biomarkers Linking PCB Exposure and Obesity
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Editorial (Hot Topic: Hypertension: A Serious Complication in Pregnancy)
Current Hypertension Reviews Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor (VEGF), An Emerging Target for Cancer Chemotherapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Current Approaches to the Diagnosis of Classical form of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery The Role and Modulation of the Oxidative Balance in Pregnancy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Minimally-Invasive and Non-Invasive Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems: Indications, Advantages, Limitations and Clinical Aspects
Current Diabetes Reviews Oxytocin and Diabetes Mellitus: A Strong Biochemical Relation. Review
Current Diabetes Reviews Gut Involvement in NOD Mouse Diabetes
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Critical Illness in Obstetric Patients: Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnancy
Current Women`s Health Reviews Lipid Mediator Profiling in Pulmonary Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Application of Dual-Source CT Coronary Angiography in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Symptomatic Coronary Heart Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Nitric Oxide and Dietary Factors: Part II Cholesterol, Fat, Amino Acids,Proteins and Carbohydrate
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Nitric Oxide in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancy
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology A Review of the Cardiovascular and Anti-Atherogenic Effects of Ghrelin
Current Pharmaceutical Design Insulin Action on the Human Placental Endothelium in Normal and Diabetic Pregnancy
Current Vascular Pharmacology EDITORIAL: Spicing Up the Management of Type 2 Diabetes with Cinnamon
Current Clinical Pharmacology