Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a disease characterized by autoimmune mediated destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of endocrine pancreas. Beside insulin deficiency, T1DM is also characterized by abnormal suppression of glucagon secretion in response to hyperglycemia. All these abnormalities are likely to leave patients dependent upon exogenous insulin administration for survival. GLP-1 is a hormone secreted by L-cells of distal small intestine and colon. GLP-1 exerts its effects through the interaction with GLP-1 receptor expressed in the pancreatic islets, lung, hypothalamus, stomach, heart and kidney. It belongs to the group of incretin peptides and it stimulates insulin and inhibits glucagon secretion. Actions of GLP-1 also include delaying of gastric emptying, reduction of appetite and induction of satiety. On the other hand, evidences mainly collected from animal models, have indicated the role of GLP-1 in increasing beta cell proliferation and differentiation and in decreasing the rate of beta cell apoptosis. GLP-1 receptor agonists are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes where they have established very important position. However, they are still not approved for use in T1DM, although they could have beneficial effects in both new onset and longstanding T1DM patients, mainly as an adjunctive therapy to insulin in order to improve glycemic control and body weight management in longstanding disease or to reduce insulin requirements or even to delay the absolute dependence upon insulin administration in new onset T1DM. Randomized, long-term, placebo controlled clinical trials are warranted before the official implementation of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of T1DM.
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic beta cells, insulin, glucagon, glycemic control, exenatide, liraglutide.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Type 1 Diabetes - Where Do We Stand?
Volume: 21 Issue: 36
Author(s): Djordje S. Popovic, Edita Stokic and Stevan L. Popovic
Affiliation:
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic beta cells, insulin, glucagon, glycemic control, exenatide, liraglutide.
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a disease characterized by autoimmune mediated destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of endocrine pancreas. Beside insulin deficiency, T1DM is also characterized by abnormal suppression of glucagon secretion in response to hyperglycemia. All these abnormalities are likely to leave patients dependent upon exogenous insulin administration for survival. GLP-1 is a hormone secreted by L-cells of distal small intestine and colon. GLP-1 exerts its effects through the interaction with GLP-1 receptor expressed in the pancreatic islets, lung, hypothalamus, stomach, heart and kidney. It belongs to the group of incretin peptides and it stimulates insulin and inhibits glucagon secretion. Actions of GLP-1 also include delaying of gastric emptying, reduction of appetite and induction of satiety. On the other hand, evidences mainly collected from animal models, have indicated the role of GLP-1 in increasing beta cell proliferation and differentiation and in decreasing the rate of beta cell apoptosis. GLP-1 receptor agonists are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes where they have established very important position. However, they are still not approved for use in T1DM, although they could have beneficial effects in both new onset and longstanding T1DM patients, mainly as an adjunctive therapy to insulin in order to improve glycemic control and body weight management in longstanding disease or to reduce insulin requirements or even to delay the absolute dependence upon insulin administration in new onset T1DM. Randomized, long-term, placebo controlled clinical trials are warranted before the official implementation of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of T1DM.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
S. Popovic Djordje, Stokic Edita and L. Popovic Stevan, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Type 1 Diabetes - Where Do We Stand?, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666151006142224
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666151006142224 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cardiovascular Effects of Hypoglycemic Agents in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Drug Safety Recent Patents on Emerging Therapeutics for the Treatment of Glaucoma, Age Related Macular Degeneration and Uveitis
Recent Patents on Biomedical Engineering (Discontinued) Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer and Small Renal Masses: New Evidences and Criticisms
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Comprehensive Analysis for Histone Acetylation of Human Colon Cancer Cells Treated with a novel HDAC Inhibitor
Current Pharmaceutical Design Apoptosis is a Critical Cellular Event in Cancer Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy by Selenium Compounds
Current Cancer Drug Targets Overcoming Endocrine Resistance in Breast Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets The Role of Proteomics in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis Research
Current Drug Targets Current Status of Gene Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma, with a Focus on Gene Delivery Approaches
Current Gene Therapy Prediction of the Estrogen Receptor Binding Affinity for both hER<sub>α</sub> and hER<sub>β</sub> by QSAR Approaches
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Diabetic Patients with Psychiatric Illness
Current Diabetes Reviews Leptin, Estrogens and Cancer
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry UGT1A1 Mediated Drug Interactions and its Clinical Relevance
Current Drug Metabolism Role of Phytochemicals in the Prevention of Menopausal Bone Loss: Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo, Human Interventional and Pharmacokinetic Studies
Current Medicinal Chemistry Clinical Approaches Toward Tumor Angiogenesis: Past, Present and Future
Current Pharmaceutical Design Marine Derived Anticancer Drugs Targeting Microtubule
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery A Multiwave Imaging Approach for Elastography
Current Medical Imaging Anticancer Activity of Ocimum basilicum and the Effect of Ursolic Acid on the Cytoskeleton of MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Chemokines as Pharmacological Targets
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Cancer Stem Cells and their Management in Cancer Therapy
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases by Balanced Nutrition: Population- specific Effective Public Health Approaches in Developing Countries
Current Diabetes Reviews