Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a disease characterized by autoimmune mediated destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of endocrine pancreas. Beside insulin deficiency, T1DM is also characterized by abnormal suppression of glucagon secretion in response to hyperglycemia. All these abnormalities are likely to leave patients dependent upon exogenous insulin administration for survival. GLP-1 is a hormone secreted by L-cells of distal small intestine and colon. GLP-1 exerts its effects through the interaction with GLP-1 receptor expressed in the pancreatic islets, lung, hypothalamus, stomach, heart and kidney. It belongs to the group of incretin peptides and it stimulates insulin and inhibits glucagon secretion. Actions of GLP-1 also include delaying of gastric emptying, reduction of appetite and induction of satiety. On the other hand, evidences mainly collected from animal models, have indicated the role of GLP-1 in increasing beta cell proliferation and differentiation and in decreasing the rate of beta cell apoptosis. GLP-1 receptor agonists are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes where they have established very important position. However, they are still not approved for use in T1DM, although they could have beneficial effects in both new onset and longstanding T1DM patients, mainly as an adjunctive therapy to insulin in order to improve glycemic control and body weight management in longstanding disease or to reduce insulin requirements or even to delay the absolute dependence upon insulin administration in new onset T1DM. Randomized, long-term, placebo controlled clinical trials are warranted before the official implementation of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of T1DM.
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic beta cells, insulin, glucagon, glycemic control, exenatide, liraglutide.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Type 1 Diabetes - Where Do We Stand?
Volume: 21 Issue: 36
Author(s): Djordje S. Popovic, Edita Stokic and Stevan L. Popovic
Affiliation:
Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, glucagon-like peptide-1, pancreatic beta cells, insulin, glucagon, glycemic control, exenatide, liraglutide.
Abstract: Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a disease characterized by autoimmune mediated destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of endocrine pancreas. Beside insulin deficiency, T1DM is also characterized by abnormal suppression of glucagon secretion in response to hyperglycemia. All these abnormalities are likely to leave patients dependent upon exogenous insulin administration for survival. GLP-1 is a hormone secreted by L-cells of distal small intestine and colon. GLP-1 exerts its effects through the interaction with GLP-1 receptor expressed in the pancreatic islets, lung, hypothalamus, stomach, heart and kidney. It belongs to the group of incretin peptides and it stimulates insulin and inhibits glucagon secretion. Actions of GLP-1 also include delaying of gastric emptying, reduction of appetite and induction of satiety. On the other hand, evidences mainly collected from animal models, have indicated the role of GLP-1 in increasing beta cell proliferation and differentiation and in decreasing the rate of beta cell apoptosis. GLP-1 receptor agonists are approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes where they have established very important position. However, they are still not approved for use in T1DM, although they could have beneficial effects in both new onset and longstanding T1DM patients, mainly as an adjunctive therapy to insulin in order to improve glycemic control and body weight management in longstanding disease or to reduce insulin requirements or even to delay the absolute dependence upon insulin administration in new onset T1DM. Randomized, long-term, placebo controlled clinical trials are warranted before the official implementation of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of T1DM.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
S. Popovic Djordje, Stokic Edita and L. Popovic Stevan, GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Type 1 Diabetes - Where Do We Stand?, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666151006142224
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867322666151006142224 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Pathogenesis of and Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate the Transthyretin Amyloidoses
Current Pharmaceutical Design PET Imaging of Beta-Adrenoceptors in Human Brain: A Realistic Goal or a Mirage?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Obesity Pharmacotherapy: Current Perspectives and Future Directions
Current Cardiology Reviews Polypharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of β-Caryophyllene: A Dietary Phytocannabinoid of Pharmaceutical Promise
Current Pharmaceutical Design 5-Benzylidene-3,4-dihalo-furan-2-one derivatives inhibit human leukemia cancer cells through suppression of NF-κB and GSK-3β
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Targeting Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) as an Effective Strategy to Inhibit Tumor Cell Proliferation
Current Cancer Drug Targets Polyethylenimine-based Formulations for Delivery of Oligonucleotides
Current Medicinal Chemistry QSPR Model for Dispersibility of Graphene in Various Solvents
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Approaches for the Development of Drugs for Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome
Current Pharmaceutical Design Changes in the Apoptotic and Survival Signaling in Cancer Cells and Their Potential Therapeutic Implications
Current Cancer Drug Targets Incretin-Based Therapies, Glucometabolic Health and Endovascular Inflammation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Interactive Effect of Combined Exposure to Active and Passive Smoking on Cardiovascular System
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Approaches to Improve Cellular Retention of Radiohalogen Labels Delivered by Internalising Tumour-Targeting Proteins and Peptides
Current Medicinal Chemistry Chronographic Theory of Development, Aging, and Origin of Cancer: Role of Chronomeres and Printomeres
Current Aging Science Cryopreservation of Ovarian Tissue: State of the Art in 2007
Current Women`s Health Reviews Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery The Effect of GLUT1 on the Survival Rate and Immune Cell Infiltration of Lung Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Meta and Bioinformatics Analysis
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Photoperiod and Testosterone Modulate Growth and Melanogenesis of S91 Murine Melanoma
Medicinal Chemistry Research in Rare Diseases - When Less is More
Current Medicinal Chemistry Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Collective Cell Movements During Morphogenesis and Disease
Current Genomics