Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a physiological role in cell signaling and also a pathological role in diseases, when antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed causing oxidative stress. However, in this review we will focus on reductive stress that may be defined as a pathophysiological situation in which the cell becomes more reduced than in the normal, resting state. This may occur in hypoxia and also in several diseases in which a small but persistent generation of oxidants results in a hormetic overexpression of antioxidant enzymes that leads to a reduction in cell compartments. This is the case of Alzheimer’s disease. Individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s (because they carry the ApoE4 allele) suffer reductive stress long before the onset of the disease and even before the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment. Reductive stress can also be found in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1 transgenic mice), when their redox state is determined at a young age, i.e. before the onset of the disease. Later in their lives they develop oxidative stress. The importance of understanding the occurrence of reductive stress before any signs or symptoms of Alzheimer’s has theoretical and also practical importance as it may be a very early marker of the disease.
Keywords: Free radicals, antioxidants, neurodegeneration, NADH/NAD+ ratio, redox, biomarkers.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Reductive Stress: A New Concept in Alzheimer’s Disease
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): A. Lloret, T. Fuchsberger, E. Giraldo and J. Vina
Affiliation:
Keywords: Free radicals, antioxidants, neurodegeneration, NADH/NAD+ ratio, redox, biomarkers.
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species play a physiological role in cell signaling and also a pathological role in diseases, when antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed causing oxidative stress. However, in this review we will focus on reductive stress that may be defined as a pathophysiological situation in which the cell becomes more reduced than in the normal, resting state. This may occur in hypoxia and also in several diseases in which a small but persistent generation of oxidants results in a hormetic overexpression of antioxidant enzymes that leads to a reduction in cell compartments. This is the case of Alzheimer’s disease. Individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s (because they carry the ApoE4 allele) suffer reductive stress long before the onset of the disease and even before the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment. Reductive stress can also be found in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1 transgenic mice), when their redox state is determined at a young age, i.e. before the onset of the disease. Later in their lives they develop oxidative stress. The importance of understanding the occurrence of reductive stress before any signs or symptoms of Alzheimer’s has theoretical and also practical importance as it may be a very early marker of the disease.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lloret A., Fuchsberger T., Giraldo E. and Vina J., Reductive Stress: A New Concept in Alzheimer’s Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150921101430
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150921101430 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Mouse Models of Autoimmune Diseases - Autoimmune Myocarditis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Identification of Potent Caspase-3 Inhibitors for Treatment of Multi- Neurodegenerative Diseases Using Pharmacophore Modeling and Docking Approaches
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Glucocorticoid Analogues: Potential Therapeutic Alternatives for Treating Inflammatory Muscle Diseases
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Caring for HIV-Infected Patients in the ICU in The Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Era
Current HIV Research Drug-Induced QTc Interval Prolongation: A Multicenter Study to Detect Drugs and Clinical Factors Involved in Every Day Practice
Current Drug Safety Beta-Blockers (Carvedilol) in Children with Systemic Ventricle Systolic Dysfunction - Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Remediation of Cellular Hypoxic Damage by Pharmacological Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Telmisartan in the Management of Diabetic Nephropathy: A Contemporary View
Current Diabetes Reviews The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Regulated Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Glioma
Current Pharmaceutical Design Autonomic Nervous System in Viral Myocarditis: Pathophysiology and Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: A Novel Regulator of Vascular Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Products <i>via</i> the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
Current Vascular Pharmacology Synthetic Cannabinoids as Drugs of Abuse
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Stem Cell-Based Immunomodulation in Type 1 Diabetes: Beyond the Regenerative Approach
Current Pharmaceutical Design Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Antiapoptotic Effect of Novel Compound from Herba leonuri-Leonurine (SCM-198): A Mechanism Through Inhibition of Mitochondria Dysfunction in H9c2 Cells
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Chemistry and Biology of Gluten Proteins
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Left Ventricular Non-compaction: From Recognition to Treatment
Current Pharmaceutical Design Postoperative Care of the Transplanted Patient
Current Cardiology Reviews A Review on the Sex Differences in Organ and System Pathology with Alcohol Drinking
Current Drug Abuse Reviews