Abstract
Reactive oxygen species play a physiological role in cell signaling and also a pathological role in diseases, when antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed causing oxidative stress. However, in this review we will focus on reductive stress that may be defined as a pathophysiological situation in which the cell becomes more reduced than in the normal, resting state. This may occur in hypoxia and also in several diseases in which a small but persistent generation of oxidants results in a hormetic overexpression of antioxidant enzymes that leads to a reduction in cell compartments. This is the case of Alzheimer’s disease. Individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s (because they carry the ApoE4 allele) suffer reductive stress long before the onset of the disease and even before the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment. Reductive stress can also be found in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1 transgenic mice), when their redox state is determined at a young age, i.e. before the onset of the disease. Later in their lives they develop oxidative stress. The importance of understanding the occurrence of reductive stress before any signs or symptoms of Alzheimer’s has theoretical and also practical importance as it may be a very early marker of the disease.
Keywords: Free radicals, antioxidants, neurodegeneration, NADH/NAD+ ratio, redox, biomarkers.
Current Alzheimer Research
Title:Reductive Stress: A New Concept in Alzheimer’s Disease
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): A. Lloret, T. Fuchsberger, E. Giraldo and J. Vina
Affiliation:
Keywords: Free radicals, antioxidants, neurodegeneration, NADH/NAD+ ratio, redox, biomarkers.
Abstract: Reactive oxygen species play a physiological role in cell signaling and also a pathological role in diseases, when antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed causing oxidative stress. However, in this review we will focus on reductive stress that may be defined as a pathophysiological situation in which the cell becomes more reduced than in the normal, resting state. This may occur in hypoxia and also in several diseases in which a small but persistent generation of oxidants results in a hormetic overexpression of antioxidant enzymes that leads to a reduction in cell compartments. This is the case of Alzheimer’s disease. Individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s (because they carry the ApoE4 allele) suffer reductive stress long before the onset of the disease and even before the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment. Reductive stress can also be found in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1 transgenic mice), when their redox state is determined at a young age, i.e. before the onset of the disease. Later in their lives they develop oxidative stress. The importance of understanding the occurrence of reductive stress before any signs or symptoms of Alzheimer’s has theoretical and also practical importance as it may be a very early marker of the disease.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lloret A., Fuchsberger T., Giraldo E. and Vina J., Reductive Stress: A New Concept in Alzheimer’s Disease, Current Alzheimer Research 2016; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150921101430
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1567205012666150921101430 |
Print ISSN 1567-2050 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5828 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New Advances in the Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of Alzheimer's Disease
Aims and Scope: Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing prevalence that demands concerted efforts to advance our understanding and strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This thematic issue aims to bring together cutting-edge research and innovative approaches from multidisciplinary perspectives to address ...read more
Current updates on the Role of Neuroinflammation in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Neuroinflammation is an invariable hallmark of chronic and acute neurodegenerative disorders and has long been considered a potential drug target for Alzheimer?s disease (AD) and dementia. Significant evidence of inflammatory processes as a feature of AD is provided by the presence of inflammatory markers in plasma, CSF and postmortem brain ...read more
Deep Learning for Advancing Alzheimer's Disease Research
Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses a significant global health challenge, with an increasing number of individuals affected yearly. Deep learning, a subfield of artificial intelligence, has shown immense potential in various domains, including healthcare. This thematic issue of Current Alzheimer Research explores the application of deep learning techniques in advancing our ...read more
Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of dementia
Dementia affects 18 million people worldwide. Dementia is a syndrome of symptoms caused by brain disease, usually chronic or progressive, clinically characterized by multiple impairments of higher cortical functions such as memory, thinking, orientation, and learning. In addition, in the course of dementia, cognitive deficits are observed, which often hinder ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
L-carnitine: Searching for New Therapeutic Strategy for Sepsis Management
Current Medicinal Chemistry Models and Methods in Cardiac Imaging for Metabolism Studies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Lost in Translation: What is Limiting Cardiomyoplasty and Can Tissue Engineering Help?
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Human Urotensin II and Metabolic Syndrome
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Algorithms and Criteria for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Patient Selection: Current Status and Future Trends
Current Pharmaceutical Design Ion-Pair Reversed-Phase Denaturing HPLC-Based Biotechnology as a Tool for Genetic Analysis
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis The Multiple Electrocardiographic Manifestations of Ventricular Repolarization Memory
Current Cardiology Reviews Pulmonary Hypertension and Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Chronic Lung Diseases: New Pathobiologic Concepts
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Research Advancements in Porcine Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Metabolic Syndrome and Myocardial Infarction in Women
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiovascular Complications of Obesity
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Clearing the Brains Cobwebs: The Role of Autophagy in Neuroprotection
Current Neuropharmacology Mutations of mtDNA in some Vascular and Metabolic Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Stem Cells: Clinical Trials Results The End of the Beginning or the Beginning of the End?
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Atrial Arrhythmogenesis
Current Cardiology Reviews Fetal Origins of Cardiovascular Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Good Epidemiologic Practice in Retinitis Pigmentosa: From Phenotyping to Biobanking
Current Genomics Protein-mediated Fatty Acid Uptake in the Heart
Current Cardiology Reviews A PHACES Syndrome Unmasked by Propranolol Interruption in a Tetralogy of Fallot Patient: Case Report and Extensive Review on New Indications of Beta Blockers
Current Medicinal Chemistry