Abstract
Atherosclerosis has been widely recognized as a slow progressing inflammatory disease of the arterial walls involving both inflammation and autoimmune processes with a complex etiology in which the immune system plays a key role. A hallmark of atherosclerosis is that the macrophages pick up the lipids to form the foam cells which build up the plaque in the arterial wall. Consequently, the arteries become narrowed.
Plaque rupture can trigger thrombosis which is superimposed on atherosclerotic lesion. The activation of macrophages and T cells plays key roles in these lesions. Cells involved in the atherosclerotic process secrete soluble factors, known as cytokines. These cytokines can be further divided into two classes namely proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines based on their roles in inflammation. Among the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-35 is the one most recently discovered that suppresses inflammatory responses of immune cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-35 represents an attractive target for antiatherosclerotic therapy based on its several atheroprotective features. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of IL-35 biology and the role of IL-35 in the development, or the progression of atherosclerosis.
Keywords: IL-35, atherosclerosis, regulation t cell, knock out mice and cytokine.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:The role of interleukin 35 in atherosclerosis
Volume: 21 Issue: 35
Author(s): Juntang Lin, Vijay Kakkar and Xinjie Lu
Affiliation:
Keywords: IL-35, atherosclerosis, regulation t cell, knock out mice and cytokine.
Abstract: Atherosclerosis has been widely recognized as a slow progressing inflammatory disease of the arterial walls involving both inflammation and autoimmune processes with a complex etiology in which the immune system plays a key role. A hallmark of atherosclerosis is that the macrophages pick up the lipids to form the foam cells which build up the plaque in the arterial wall. Consequently, the arteries become narrowed.
Plaque rupture can trigger thrombosis which is superimposed on atherosclerotic lesion. The activation of macrophages and T cells plays key roles in these lesions. Cells involved in the atherosclerotic process secrete soluble factors, known as cytokines. These cytokines can be further divided into two classes namely proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines based on their roles in inflammation. Among the cytokines, interleukin (IL)-35 is the one most recently discovered that suppresses inflammatory responses of immune cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that IL-35 represents an attractive target for antiatherosclerotic therapy based on its several atheroprotective features. In this review, we will provide a brief overview of IL-35 biology and the role of IL-35 in the development, or the progression of atherosclerosis.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Lin Juntang, Kakkar Vijay and Lu Xinjie, The role of interleukin 35 in atherosclerosis, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150915111125
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150915111125 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Disruption of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep in Critical Illness: Potential Implications for Angiogenesis After Myocardial Infarction. A Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Preface
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Telmisartan, its Potential Therapeutic Implications in Cardiometabolic Disorders
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Biodegradable Composite Scaffolds: A Strategy to Modulate Stem Cell Behaviour
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Recent Approaches for Studying the Role of Glia
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Neurological Disorders in Pregnancy
Current Women`s Health Reviews Microparticles: A Pivotal Nexus in Vascular Homeostasis and Disease
Current Clinical Pharmacology Challenges and Promises of Developing Thrombin Receptor Antagonists
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Seasonal and Perennial Allergic Conjunctivitis
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery Vascular Biomarkers in Asthma and COPD
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Can We Move Forward After ADVANCE?
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Stroke Subtypes and their Possible Implication in Stroke Prevention Drug Strategies
Current Vascular Pharmacology Treatment of Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease
Current Hypertension Reviews Development of Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Methotrexate-Induced Pneumonitis: Heterogeneity of Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Differences between Cancer and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) The Science of Hypoglycemia in Patients with Diabetes
Current Diabetes Reviews α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: A Therapeutic Target in the Structure Era
Current Drug Targets Significance of Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Research in Current Medical Practice
Current Drug Metabolism Editorial: [Statins and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis. The AURORA Results Suggest the Need for Earlier Intervention]
Current Vascular Pharmacology CD36 and Intestinal Fatty Acid Absorption
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued)