Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease which, despite the fact that it shares common risk factors with atherosclerosis, develops in parallel but as a partly independent process, through different pathogenic mechanisms. The pathogenic mechanisms involve metalloproteinase and collagenase activation, median and adventitial degradation, elastin lysis, vascular smooth cells transformation and apoptosis, collagen production and lysis imbalance combined with excessive inflammatory infiltration. Endothelial cells respond to a number of stimulating factors, including smoking, hypertension and AT1 receptor stimulation and non-uniform distribution of wall stress. Their ability to produce NO is crucial in order to adapt. Endothelial cells contribute to AAA development due to increased oxidative stress which is partly mediated by impaired NO bioavailability due to endothelial dysfunction and NADPH oxidase overexpression. In addition, they express several molecules among which adherence molecules, selectins, endothelin-1, regulating inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress. Inflammatory cells consist of monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes and they are involved in the degrading process in the aortic wall by secreting proteolytic enzymesor by releasing interleukins which mediate the inflammation response. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness reflect on indices like FMD, carotid-femoral PWV and augmentation index, sometimes with controversial results. At present, surgical treatment is the only option provided in patients with large AAA, in particular. Focusing on the emerging role of endothelial cells in AAA pathology may contribute in creating new therapeutic options in a disease which has not yet a well-accepted, implemented pharmaceutical treatment.
Keywords: Aortic aneurysms, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction, endothelium vascular, inflammation.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Aortic Aneurysms
Volume: 21 Issue: 28
Author(s): Gerasimos Siasos, Konstantinos Mourouzis, Evangelos Oikonomou, Sotirios Tsalamandris, Vasiliki Tsigkou, Konstantinos Vlasis, Manolis Vavuranakis, Thodoris Zografos, Stathis Dimitropoulos, Theodore G. Papaioannou, Aimilios Kalampogias, Christodoulos Stefanadis, Athanasios G. Papavassiliou and Dimitris Tousoulis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Aortic aneurysms, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, endothelial dysfunction, endothelium vascular, inflammation.
Abstract: Abdominal aortic aneurysm is a vascular disease which, despite the fact that it shares common risk factors with atherosclerosis, develops in parallel but as a partly independent process, through different pathogenic mechanisms. The pathogenic mechanisms involve metalloproteinase and collagenase activation, median and adventitial degradation, elastin lysis, vascular smooth cells transformation and apoptosis, collagen production and lysis imbalance combined with excessive inflammatory infiltration. Endothelial cells respond to a number of stimulating factors, including smoking, hypertension and AT1 receptor stimulation and non-uniform distribution of wall stress. Their ability to produce NO is crucial in order to adapt. Endothelial cells contribute to AAA development due to increased oxidative stress which is partly mediated by impaired NO bioavailability due to endothelial dysfunction and NADPH oxidase overexpression. In addition, they express several molecules among which adherence molecules, selectins, endothelin-1, regulating inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress. Inflammatory cells consist of monocytes, polymorphonuclear neutrophils and lymphocytes and they are involved in the degrading process in the aortic wall by secreting proteolytic enzymesor by releasing interleukins which mediate the inflammation response. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness reflect on indices like FMD, carotid-femoral PWV and augmentation index, sometimes with controversial results. At present, surgical treatment is the only option provided in patients with large AAA, in particular. Focusing on the emerging role of endothelial cells in AAA pathology may contribute in creating new therapeutic options in a disease which has not yet a well-accepted, implemented pharmaceutical treatment.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Siasos Gerasimos, Mourouzis Konstantinos, Oikonomou Evangelos, Tsalamandris Sotirios, Tsigkou Vasiliki, Vlasis Konstantinos, Vavuranakis Manolis, Zografos Thodoris, Dimitropoulos Stathis, Papaioannou G. Theodore, Kalampogias Aimilios, Stefanadis Christodoulos, Papavassiliou G. Athanasios and Tousoulis Dimitris, The Role of Endothelial Dysfunction in Aortic Aneurysms, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (28) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150826094156
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150826094156 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cyano Acrylate Polymers in Medical Applications
Recent Patents on Materials Science Experimental Model Considerations for the Study of Protein-Energy Malnutrition Co-Existing with Ischemic Brain Injury
Current Neurovascular Research Cerebral Microbleeds Do Not Predict Hemorrhagic Transformation in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and/or Rheumatic Heart Disease
Current Neurovascular Research Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia: Pathogenetic, Clinical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Human Urotensin II and Metabolic Syndrome
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Diagnosis of Surgically-Treatable Forms of Primary Aldosteronism
Current Hypertension Reviews Novel Imaging Techniques in Acute Kidney Injury
Current Drug Targets Virulence Potential of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Diabetic Foot Ulcers Among Patients from Southern Poland
Current Vascular Pharmacology Intravenous Antihypertensives within Cardiovascular-Based Continuity of Care
Current Vascular Pharmacology Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease The Coronary Arterial Circulation
Current Cardiology Reviews Statins Exert Multiple Beneficial Effects on Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Revascularization Procedures
Current Drug Targets Molecular Evidence of Cryptotanshinone for Treatment and Prevention of Human Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Is the Use of Autologous Platelet-Rich Plasma Gels in Gynecologic, Cardiac, and General, Reconstructive Surgery Beneficial?
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Meet Our Editorial Board Member
Current Gene Therapy Atrial Tachycardias Arising from the Atrial Appendages and Aortic Sinus of Valsalva
Current Cardiology Reviews Graphical Abstracts:
Current Medical Imaging Redox Control of Cardiovascular Homeostasis by Angiotensin II
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sam Domains in Multiple Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Radiologic Findings of IgG4-Related Disease
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Drug Therapy for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Utilizing Omega-3 Unsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives
Current Drug Targets