Abstract
Several tumors exhibit pH gradient reversal, with acidification of extracellular pH (pHe) and alkalinization of intracellular pH (pHi). The pH gradient reversal is evident even during the preliminary stages of tumorigenesis and is crucial for survival and propagation of tumors, irrespective of their pathology, genetics and origins. Moreover, this hallmark seems to be present ubiquitously in all malignant tumors. Based on these facts, we propose a new emerging hallmark of cancer “pH gradient reversal”. Normalizing pH gradient reversal through inhibition of various proton transporters such as Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE), Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), H+/K+-ATPases and carbonic anhydrases (CAs) has demonstrated substantial therapeutic benefits. Indeed, inhibition of NHE1 is now being regarded as the latest concept in cancer treatment. A recent patent deals with the utilization of cis-Urocanic acid to acidify the pHi and induce apoptosis in tumors. Another patent reports therapeutic benefit by inhibiting Lactate Dehydrogenase - 5 (LDH-5) in various cancers. Several patents have been formulated by designing drugs activated through acidic pHe providing a cancer specific action. The purpose of this review is to analyze the available literature and help design selective therapies that could be a valuable adjunct to the conventional therapies or even replace them.
Keywords: Apoptosis, cancer, migration, pH, proliferation, tumor invasion.
Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery
Title:pH Gradient Reversal: An Emerging Hallmark of Cancers
Volume: 10 Issue: 3
Author(s): Mohit Sharma, Madhusudan Astekar, Sonal Soi, Bhari S. Manjunatha, Devi C. Shetty and Raghu Radhakrishnan
Affiliation:
Keywords: Apoptosis, cancer, migration, pH, proliferation, tumor invasion.
Abstract: Several tumors exhibit pH gradient reversal, with acidification of extracellular pH (pHe) and alkalinization of intracellular pH (pHi). The pH gradient reversal is evident even during the preliminary stages of tumorigenesis and is crucial for survival and propagation of tumors, irrespective of their pathology, genetics and origins. Moreover, this hallmark seems to be present ubiquitously in all malignant tumors. Based on these facts, we propose a new emerging hallmark of cancer “pH gradient reversal”. Normalizing pH gradient reversal through inhibition of various proton transporters such as Na+-H+ exchanger (NHE), Vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), H+/K+-ATPases and carbonic anhydrases (CAs) has demonstrated substantial therapeutic benefits. Indeed, inhibition of NHE1 is now being regarded as the latest concept in cancer treatment. A recent patent deals with the utilization of cis-Urocanic acid to acidify the pHi and induce apoptosis in tumors. Another patent reports therapeutic benefit by inhibiting Lactate Dehydrogenase - 5 (LDH-5) in various cancers. Several patents have been formulated by designing drugs activated through acidic pHe providing a cancer specific action. The purpose of this review is to analyze the available literature and help design selective therapies that could be a valuable adjunct to the conventional therapies or even replace them.
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Cite this article as:
Sharma Mohit, Astekar Madhusudan, Soi Sonal, S. Manjunatha Bhari, C. Shetty Devi and Radhakrishnan Raghu, pH Gradient Reversal: An Emerging Hallmark of Cancers, Recent Patents on Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery 2015; 10 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574892810666150708110608
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574892810666150708110608 |
Print ISSN 1574-8928 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 2212-3970 |
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In recent years, traditional cancer treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation treatment, etc., may damage the pathological tissue and normal cells. The ideal tumor treatment should be noninvasive, eliminating the primary tumor, making the body produce systemic tumor-specific immunity, eliminating metastases, and having less /no side effects. Recent Patents ...read more
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