Abstract
To evaluate new drugs, the immune system should be considered. Here we evaluated a proof-of-concept that uncovers bacterial-leukocyte interactions. Analyzing longitudinal leukocyte data from bovines infected with either methicillin-resistant (MRSA) or methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus, two methods were investigated: (i) an approach that assesses lymphocytes, monocytes, or neutrophils, separately, and (ii) a method that, using dimensionless indicators (products, ratios, or combinations derived from leukocyte data), explores the dynamics of leukocyte relationships in three-dimensional (3D) space and identifies data subsets of informative value.
The classic approach not always distinguished infected from non-infected cows. In contrast, the alternative approach differentiated noninfected from infected animals and distinguished early MRSA from early MSSA and late MRSA infections.
Discrimination was associated with the use of dimensionless indicators. When measured in 3D space, such indicators generated a very large number of combinations, which helped detect data subsets usually unobserved, such as non-overlapping infection-negative and -positive subsets, and several disease stages. The validity of such data subsets was determined with biologically interpretable data.
This graphic, pattern recognition-based information system included but did not depend on any one number or variable. Because it can detect functions (relationships that involve two or more elements), in real time, if shown reproducible, the analysis of complex hostmicrobial dynamics could be used to evaluate antimicrobials.
Keywords: Infection, MRSA, MSSA, complexity, systems, dynamics, three-dimensional, cutoff-free discrimination.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Beyond Numbers: The Informative Patterns of Immuno-Staphylococcal Dynamics
Volume: 21 Issue: 16
Author(s): Ariel L. Rivas, Almira L. Hoogesteijn and Renata Piccinini
Affiliation:
Keywords: Infection, MRSA, MSSA, complexity, systems, dynamics, three-dimensional, cutoff-free discrimination.
Abstract: To evaluate new drugs, the immune system should be considered. Here we evaluated a proof-of-concept that uncovers bacterial-leukocyte interactions. Analyzing longitudinal leukocyte data from bovines infected with either methicillin-resistant (MRSA) or methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) Staphylococcus aureus, two methods were investigated: (i) an approach that assesses lymphocytes, monocytes, or neutrophils, separately, and (ii) a method that, using dimensionless indicators (products, ratios, or combinations derived from leukocyte data), explores the dynamics of leukocyte relationships in three-dimensional (3D) space and identifies data subsets of informative value.
The classic approach not always distinguished infected from non-infected cows. In contrast, the alternative approach differentiated noninfected from infected animals and distinguished early MRSA from early MSSA and late MRSA infections.
Discrimination was associated with the use of dimensionless indicators. When measured in 3D space, such indicators generated a very large number of combinations, which helped detect data subsets usually unobserved, such as non-overlapping infection-negative and -positive subsets, and several disease stages. The validity of such data subsets was determined with biologically interpretable data.
This graphic, pattern recognition-based information system included but did not depend on any one number or variable. Because it can detect functions (relationships that involve two or more elements), in real time, if shown reproducible, the analysis of complex hostmicrobial dynamics could be used to evaluate antimicrobials.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
L. Rivas Ariel, L. Hoogesteijn Almira and Piccinini Renata, Beyond Numbers: The Informative Patterns of Immuno-Staphylococcal Dynamics, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2015; 21 (16) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150310104053
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612821666150310104053 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Identification of Enzyme Inhibitors from Phage-Displayed Combinatorial Peptide Libraries
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Intelligent Hydrogels for Drug Delivery System
Recent Patents on Drug Delivery & Formulation Bilirubin Chemistry and Metabolism; Harmful and Protective Aspects
Current Pharmaceutical Design Design of Phenotypic Screens for Bioactive Chemicals and Identification of their Targets by Genetic and Proteomic Approaches
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Fruit as Potent Natural Antioxidants and Their Biological Effects
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Detection of Pb<sup>2+</sup> Using Glutathione Capped Mn Doped ZnS QDs
Current Analytical Chemistry Classification of Sarcomas Using Bioinformatics and Molecular Profiling
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Metabolite Characterization of Anti-cancer Agent Gefitinib in Human Hepatocytes
Drug Metabolism Letters Understanding Pre-Structured Motifs (PreSMos) in Intrinsically Unfolded Proteins
Current Protein & Peptide Science Analysis of Biological Macromolecular Assemblies Using Static Light Scattering Methods
Current Organic Chemistry Flavonoid Derivatives As Potent Tyrosinase Inhibitors - A Survey of Recent Findings Between 2008-2013
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Opportunities to Improve the Prevention and Treatment of Cervical Cancer
Current Molecular Medicine L-Cysteine (3-Nitrophenyl)methyl Ester Hydrochloride: A New Chiral Reagent in the Sugar Analysis
Letters in Organic Chemistry Clinical Uses of Melatonin: Evaluation of Human Trials
Current Medicinal Chemistry Relevant Physicochemical Descriptors of “Soft Nanomedicines” to Bypass Biological Barriers
Current Pharmaceutical Design Electrochemical Study of DNA Damaged by Oxidation Stress
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Machine Learning-Based Virtual Screening Strategy RevealsSome Natural Compounds as Potential PAK4 Inhibitors in Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Current Proteomics Tool Developments for Structure-Function Studies of Host Defense Peptides
Protein & Peptide Letters Bone Disruption and Environmental Pollutants
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Anti-Atherosclerotic Therapy Based on Botanicals
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery