Abstract
Understanding the pathogenesis of non-iatrogenic comorbidities of schizophrenia may provide insights into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia itself. First-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients are at high risk of thromboembolic events, diseases related to substance abuse, sexual dysfunction, reproductive disorders, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as complications of hyperinsulinemia or hyperhomocysteinemia. This review focuses on the role of reduced plasminogen activator activity in non-iatrogenic comorbidity of schizophrenia. By preventing thrombus dissolution, low tissue plasminogen activator activity increases the risk of thrombotic events. Components of the plasminogen activator system also play a key role in reproduction. Both illicit drugs and tobacco increase plasminogen activator levels in the central nervous system, which seems to relieve symptoms of the mental disorder. Chronic alcoholism, sexual dysfunction, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and complications of hyperinsulinemia or hyperhomocysteinemia are somehow related to low plasminogen activator activity. Plasminogen activator mediates several neurochemical processes that seem to prevent or reverse gray-matter atrophy seen in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Such processes include cleavage of brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor to an anti-apoptotic neurotrophin and activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Controlled, randomized studies are needed to determine if measures aimed at correcting plasminogen activator activity can improve the quality of life, reduce morbidity and mortality rates, and particularly improve the course of schizophrenia.
Keywords: Comorbidity, drug naïve, medication naïve, metabolism, plasminogen activator, schizophrenia.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Low Activity of Plasminogen Activator: A Common Feature of Non- Iatrogenic Comorbidities of Schizophrenia
Volume: 14 Issue: 3
Author(s): Silvia Hoirisch-Clapauch and Antonio E. Nardi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Comorbidity, drug naïve, medication naïve, metabolism, plasminogen activator, schizophrenia.
Abstract: Understanding the pathogenesis of non-iatrogenic comorbidities of schizophrenia may provide insights into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia itself. First-episode, drug-naïve schizophrenia patients are at high risk of thromboembolic events, diseases related to substance abuse, sexual dysfunction, reproductive disorders, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as complications of hyperinsulinemia or hyperhomocysteinemia. This review focuses on the role of reduced plasminogen activator activity in non-iatrogenic comorbidity of schizophrenia. By preventing thrombus dissolution, low tissue plasminogen activator activity increases the risk of thrombotic events. Components of the plasminogen activator system also play a key role in reproduction. Both illicit drugs and tobacco increase plasminogen activator levels in the central nervous system, which seems to relieve symptoms of the mental disorder. Chronic alcoholism, sexual dysfunction, inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, and complications of hyperinsulinemia or hyperhomocysteinemia are somehow related to low plasminogen activator activity. Plasminogen activator mediates several neurochemical processes that seem to prevent or reverse gray-matter atrophy seen in first-episode schizophrenia patients. Such processes include cleavage of brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor to an anti-apoptotic neurotrophin and activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Controlled, randomized studies are needed to determine if measures aimed at correcting plasminogen activator activity can improve the quality of life, reduce morbidity and mortality rates, and particularly improve the course of schizophrenia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Hoirisch-Clapauch Silvia and Nardi E. Antonio, Low Activity of Plasminogen Activator: A Common Feature of Non- Iatrogenic Comorbidities of Schizophrenia, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2015; 14 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527314666150225142705
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527314666150225142705 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Property of Streptomyces cinnamonensis VITNS1 Isolated from Serkadu Region, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
Anti-Infective Agents Plasmid DNA-based Gene Transfer with Ultrasound and Microbubbles
Current Gene Therapy Withdrawal Notice: The Recent Advancement in the Field of Super Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) for Aiming Breast Cancer
Current Drug Metabolism Small Molecule Antagonists of the Chemokine Receptor CCR5
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Hyperuricemia: Is it a Risk Factor for Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction and Associated Cardiovascular Disorders?
Current Hypertension Reviews Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitals: A Narrative Review
Current Drug Safety Phytotherapy for the Prevention of Atherosclerosis-Associated Early Cerebral Ischemia
Current Drug Metabolism Application of Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Age-related Neuronal Diseases
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Ankylosing Spondylitis, HLA-B27, Klebsiella and “Popper Sequences”
Current Rheumatology Reviews Nanocarriers in the Delivery of Hydroxychloroquine to the Respiratory System: An Alternative to COVID-19
Current Drug Delivery Platelet Oxidative Stress and its Relationship with Cardiovascular Diseases in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Current Medicinal Chemistry Large Artery Stiffness and Antihypertensive Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Effect of Frozen Storage on Quality Changes of Five Fish Species from South Caspian Sea
Current Nutrition & Food Science Characterizing the Binding of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme I Inhibitory Peptide to Human Hemoglobin: Influence of Electromagnetic Fields
Protein & Peptide Letters Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase: Biochemical Characterization and Medical Significance
Current Pharmaceutical Design Nutritional Overview on the Management of Type 2 Diabetes and the Prevention of its Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Dihydrobenzo[1,4]oxathiine: A Multi-Potent Pharmacophoric Heterocyclic Nucleus
Current Medicinal Chemistry Beneficial Role of Vitexin and Isovitexin Flavonoids in the Vascular Endothelium and Cardiovascular System
Current Nutraceuticals Vascular Dysfunction and Insulin Resistance in Aging
Current Vascular Pharmacology Cytotoxic and Radio-sensitizing Effects of Polyphenolic Acetates in a Human Glioma Cell Line (BMG-1)
Current Pharmaceutical Design