Abstract
Human proteins are subjected to more than 200 known post-translational modifications (PTMs) (e.g., phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, S-nitrosylation, methylation, Nacetylation, and citrullination) and these PTMs can alter protein structure and function with consequent effects on the multitude of pathways necessary for maintaining the physiological homeostasis. When dysregulated, however, the enzymes that catalyze these PTMs can impact the genesis of countless diseases. In this review, we will focus on protein citrullination, a PTM catalyzed by the Protein Arginine Deiminase (PAD) family of enzymes. Specifically, we will describe the roles of the PADs in both normal human physiology and disease. The development of PAD inhibitors and their efficacy in a variety of autoimmune disorders and cancer will also be discussed.
Keywords: Apoptosis, autoimmune disease, citrullination, gene regulation, inflammatory disease, protein arginine deiminases.
Current Drug Targets
Title:Protein Arginine Deiminases and Associated Citrullination: Physiological Functions and Diseases Associated with Dysregulation
Volume: 16 Issue: 7
Author(s): Erin E. Witalison, Paul R. Thompson and Lorne J. Hofseth
Affiliation:
Keywords: Apoptosis, autoimmune disease, citrullination, gene regulation, inflammatory disease, protein arginine deiminases.
Abstract: Human proteins are subjected to more than 200 known post-translational modifications (PTMs) (e.g., phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, S-nitrosylation, methylation, Nacetylation, and citrullination) and these PTMs can alter protein structure and function with consequent effects on the multitude of pathways necessary for maintaining the physiological homeostasis. When dysregulated, however, the enzymes that catalyze these PTMs can impact the genesis of countless diseases. In this review, we will focus on protein citrullination, a PTM catalyzed by the Protein Arginine Deiminase (PAD) family of enzymes. Specifically, we will describe the roles of the PADs in both normal human physiology and disease. The development of PAD inhibitors and their efficacy in a variety of autoimmune disorders and cancer will also be discussed.
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Cite this article as:
Witalison E. Erin, Thompson R. Paul and Hofseth J. Lorne, Protein Arginine Deiminases and Associated Citrullination: Physiological Functions and Diseases Associated with Dysregulation, Current Drug Targets 2015; 16 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150202160954
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450116666150202160954 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
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