Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been generally accepted that cerebrovascular remodeling during hypertension is one of the major contributors to the increased risk of stroke. Volume-regulated Cl- channel (VRCC) and calcium-activated Cl- channel (CaCC) are the two predominant types of Cl- channels in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Recent studies have demonstrated that ClC-3, a member of the voltage-gated ClC Cl- channel family, is the molecular candidate for VRCC in VSMC. And TMEM16A, a member of anoctamin family, is responsible for the native CaCC of VSMC in brain vessels. It has been shown that VRCC activity is enhanced but CaCC activity is decreased in cerebral VSMC, paralleling the severity of cerebrovascular remodeling induced by hypertension. In the present review, we will highlight the recent findings regarding the important roles of these two channels in VSMC proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, vascular inflammation, reactive oxygen species production and cerebrovascular remodeling during the development of hypertension. In addition, the relationship between VRCC and clinical used agents for stroke prevention, such as statins, will be discussed. These findings suggest that Cl- channels may be potential new targets for the prevention of stroke.
Keywords: ClC-3, TMEM16A, cerebral vascular remodeling, stroke, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Chloride Channels − New Targets for the Prevention of Stroke
Volume: 13 Issue: 4
Author(s): Yan-Hua Du and Yong-Yuan Guan
Affiliation:
Keywords: ClC-3, TMEM16A, cerebral vascular remodeling, stroke, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation.
Abstract: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has been generally accepted that cerebrovascular remodeling during hypertension is one of the major contributors to the increased risk of stroke. Volume-regulated Cl- channel (VRCC) and calcium-activated Cl- channel (CaCC) are the two predominant types of Cl- channels in cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Recent studies have demonstrated that ClC-3, a member of the voltage-gated ClC Cl- channel family, is the molecular candidate for VRCC in VSMC. And TMEM16A, a member of anoctamin family, is responsible for the native CaCC of VSMC in brain vessels. It has been shown that VRCC activity is enhanced but CaCC activity is decreased in cerebral VSMC, paralleling the severity of cerebrovascular remodeling induced by hypertension. In the present review, we will highlight the recent findings regarding the important roles of these two channels in VSMC proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, vascular inflammation, reactive oxygen species production and cerebrovascular remodeling during the development of hypertension. In addition, the relationship between VRCC and clinical used agents for stroke prevention, such as statins, will be discussed. These findings suggest that Cl- channels may be potential new targets for the prevention of stroke.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Du Yan-Hua and Guan Yong-Yuan, Chloride Channels − New Targets for the Prevention of Stroke, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2015; 13 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161112666141014145040
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161112666141014145040 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Low Levels of High Density Lipoprotein Increase the Severity of Cerebral White Matter Changes:Implications for Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases
Current Alzheimer Research Genetic and Molecular Determinants of Atherosclerotic Plaque Instability
Current Vascular Pharmacology Development and Validation of a Simple LC-UV Method to Assay Doxazosin in Polymeric Nanocapsules and Tablets
Current Pharmaceutical Analysis Laboratory Monitoring of Hematological and Hepatic Parameters in Ambulatory Patients Receiving Alpha-Methyldopa in a Nigerian Tertiary Care Setting
Current Drug Safety Carotid Artery Stenting for the Prevention of Thromboembolic Stroke
Vascular Disease Prevention (Discontinued) Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Active Natural Medicines
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hypothyroidism and Endothelial Function: A Marker of Early Atherosclerosis?
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Pharmacogenomic Considerations in the Treatment of the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Called Barth Syndrome
Recent Patents on Biotechnology Therapeutic Potential of Neuregulin in Cardiovascular System: Can we Ignore the Effects of Neuregulin on Electrophysiology?
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry New Target Molecules in the Drug Control of Blood Pressure and Circulation
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders Non-Viral Gene Delivery Methods
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors and their Potential for Treatment of Multiple Pathologic Conditions
Current Medicinal Chemistry Influence of Gender on C-Reactive Protein, Fibrinogen, and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pharmacogenetic Aspects of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Current Pharmacogenomics The Factors Associated with the Length of the Third Stage of Labour: A Descriptive-Analytical Study
Current Women`s Health Reviews Coumarin and Derivates as Lipid Lowering Agents
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Structural and Molecular Tear Film Changes in Glaucoma
Current Medicinal Chemistry T-Cells and B-Cells in Systemic Sclerosis
Current Rheumatology Reviews Gender Differences in the Effects of Angiotensin Receptor Blockers on Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Patent Selections
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery