Abstract
The Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene has been associated with schizophrenia in several populations, and all four types of NRG1 genes are linked with neurotransmitters activities. In this study for the first time we have demonstrated an association between NRG1 mutation and schizophrenia in Pakistani population. We examined the relationship of three genetic variants SNPs: rs3924999, rs2954041 and rs35753505 of NRG1 gene with the onset of disease. Genomic DNA samples were obtained from the blood of 100 patients and 80 matched controls. All three NRG1 SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and further confirmed by DNA sequencing. The SNPs frequencies were estimated by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Chi-square tests. Our study established a significant association of rs35753505 with schizophrenia but no association with rs3924999 and rs2954041. The frequency of risk allele C was significantly higher (62.5%) in rs35753505 patients when compared to controls (28.13%). Genotype frequency by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for SNPrs3924999 in patients was GG 77.4%, GA 21.12% and AA 1.44% and showed no association with the disease. Similarly, no genotype association was observed in rs2954041: GG 92.98%, GT 6.89%, TT 0.13% of NRG1. However, one unexpected G allele, 100% guanine (G) with no adenine (A) was found to be present in SNP rs35753505 in both patients and controls. This is an interesting finding that both cohorts display only allele G peak but no peak for allele A in the electropherogram for this SNP. Our results suggest that SNP rs35753505 of NRG1 plays an important role in conferring susceptibility to the schizophrenia in a Pakistani population.
Keywords: Adenine (A), allele, DNA, frequencies, guanine (G), Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, neuregulin 1, schizophrenia, single nucleotide polymorphism.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Drugs Targeting SNPrs35753505 of the NRG1 Gene May Prevent the Association of Neurological Disorder Schizophrenia in a Pakistani Population
Volume: 13 Issue: 9
Author(s): Rukhsana Nawaz, Huma Asif, Asifullah Khan, Hina Ishtiaq, Fatima Shad and Sonia Siddiqui
Affiliation:
Keywords: Adenine (A), allele, DNA, frequencies, guanine (G), Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, neuregulin 1, schizophrenia, single nucleotide polymorphism.
Abstract: The Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) gene has been associated with schizophrenia in several populations, and all four types of NRG1 genes are linked with neurotransmitters activities. In this study for the first time we have demonstrated an association between NRG1 mutation and schizophrenia in Pakistani population. We examined the relationship of three genetic variants SNPs: rs3924999, rs2954041 and rs35753505 of NRG1 gene with the onset of disease. Genomic DNA samples were obtained from the blood of 100 patients and 80 matched controls. All three NRG1 SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method and further confirmed by DNA sequencing. The SNPs frequencies were estimated by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and Chi-square tests. Our study established a significant association of rs35753505 with schizophrenia but no association with rs3924999 and rs2954041. The frequency of risk allele C was significantly higher (62.5%) in rs35753505 patients when compared to controls (28.13%). Genotype frequency by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for SNPrs3924999 in patients was GG 77.4%, GA 21.12% and AA 1.44% and showed no association with the disease. Similarly, no genotype association was observed in rs2954041: GG 92.98%, GT 6.89%, TT 0.13% of NRG1. However, one unexpected G allele, 100% guanine (G) with no adenine (A) was found to be present in SNP rs35753505 in both patients and controls. This is an interesting finding that both cohorts display only allele G peak but no peak for allele A in the electropherogram for this SNP. Our results suggest that SNP rs35753505 of NRG1 plays an important role in conferring susceptibility to the schizophrenia in a Pakistani population.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Nawaz Rukhsana, Asif Huma, Khan Asifullah, Ishtiaq Hina, Shad Fatima and Siddiqui Sonia, Drugs Targeting SNPrs35753505 of the NRG1 Gene May Prevent the Association of Neurological Disorder Schizophrenia in a Pakistani Population, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2014; 13 (9) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527313666140806150440
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527313666140806150440 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Pharmacological Therapy in Children with Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: When, How and How Long to Treat the Affected Patients
Current Pharmaceutical Design Serum miRNAs Signature Plays an Important Role in Keloid Disease
Current Molecular Medicine Solution NMR Studies of Aβ Monomer Dynamics
Protein & Peptide Letters The Roles of Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF) in Responses to Emotional Stress: Is CRF Release a Cause or Result of Fear/Anxiety?
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Versatility of Cancer Associated Fibroblasts: Commendable Targets for Anti-tumor Therapy
Current Drug Targets Editorial (Thematic Issue: New Therapeutic Bearings for Repositioned Drugs)
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Applications of Multi-Target Computer-Aided Methodologies in Molecular Design of CNS Drugs
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Overlap Between Binge Eating Behaviors and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: An Etiological Integrative Model
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pharmacodynamics of Memantine: An Update
Current Neuropharmacology Brain Peptides for the Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Effects of Combined Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Valproic Acid Supplementation on Symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder: A Pilot Study
Current Psychopharmacology ULK1 Plays a Critical Role in AMPK-Mediated Myocardial Autophagy and Contractile Dysfunction following Acute Alcohol Challenge
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Many Faces of Aβ: Structures and Activity
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents Editorial [ Interleukin-10 Family - Old and New Promising Cytokines Guest Editors: Khusru Asadullah & Robert Sabat ]
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Sleep Apnea and Coronary Heart Disease: From Dusk Till Dawn and Further
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Modulation of Inflammation as a Way of Delaying Alzheimer's Disease Progression: The Diet's Role
Current Alzheimer Research VEGF Mediates ApoE4-Induced Neovascularization and Synaptic Pathology in the Choroid and Retina
Current Alzheimer Research Nalmefene: A Novel Drug for an Old Disorder
Current Medicinal Chemistry Actigraphy for Assessing Light Effects on Sleep and Circadian Activity Rhythm in Alzheimer's Dementia: A Narrative Review
Current Alzheimer Research GABAergic Agonists Modulate the Glutamate Release from Frontal Cortex Synaptosomes of Rats with Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued)