Abstract
The aim of this review was to summarize the recent evidences regarding the pharmacological treatment of panic disorder (PD). The authors performed a review of the literature regarding the pharmacological treatment of PD since the year 2000. The research done in the last decade brought strong evidences of effectiveness for paroxetine, venlafaxine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, citalopram, fluoxetine, clonazepam, and the relatively novel agent escitalopram. There are evidences indicating that the other new compounds inositol, duloxetine, mirtazapine, milnacipran, and nefazodone have antipanic properties and may be effective compounds in the treatment of PD. The effectiveness of reboxetine and anticonvulsants is a subject of controversy. In addition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines and atypical antipsychotics may be valid alternatives in the treatment of PD. Recent data indicate that augmentation strategies with aripiprazole, olanzapine, pindolol or clonazepam may be effective. D-cycloserine is a promising agent in the augmentation of cognitive behavioral therapy.
Keywords: Anti-anxiety agents, antidepressive agents, antipsychotic agents, benzodiazepines, clinical trial, cognitive therapy, comparative study, panic disorder.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Current Pharmacological Interventions in Panic Disorder
Volume: 13 Issue: 6
Author(s): Rafael C. Freire, Sergio Machado, Oscar Arias-Carrion and Antonio E. Nardi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Anti-anxiety agents, antidepressive agents, antipsychotic agents, benzodiazepines, clinical trial, cognitive therapy, comparative study, panic disorder.
Abstract: The aim of this review was to summarize the recent evidences regarding the pharmacological treatment of panic disorder (PD). The authors performed a review of the literature regarding the pharmacological treatment of PD since the year 2000. The research done in the last decade brought strong evidences of effectiveness for paroxetine, venlafaxine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, citalopram, fluoxetine, clonazepam, and the relatively novel agent escitalopram. There are evidences indicating that the other new compounds inositol, duloxetine, mirtazapine, milnacipran, and nefazodone have antipanic properties and may be effective compounds in the treatment of PD. The effectiveness of reboxetine and anticonvulsants is a subject of controversy. In addition to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, benzodiazepines and atypical antipsychotics may be valid alternatives in the treatment of PD. Recent data indicate that augmentation strategies with aripiprazole, olanzapine, pindolol or clonazepam may be effective. D-cycloserine is a promising agent in the augmentation of cognitive behavioral therapy.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Freire C. Rafael, Machado Sergio, Arias-Carrion Oscar and Nardi E. Antonio, Current Pharmacological Interventions in Panic Disorder, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2014; 13 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527313666140612125028
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527313666140612125028 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Identification and Treatment of Patients with Early COPD
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Investigating Drug Repositioning Approach to Design Novel Prodrugs for Colon-specific Release of Fexofenadine for Ulcerative Colitis
Current Drug Delivery The Impact of Pregnancy and Parity on Type 1 Diabetes Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Molecular Mechanisms of Diabetic Nephropathy and Its Therapeutic Intervention
Current Drug Targets PREFACE: “The Lower the Better” Association between White-coat Effect-excluded Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Events in High-risk Hypertension: Insights from SPRINT
Current Hypertension Reviews Recent Advances in Pulmonary Hypertension Therapy
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery A Mini Review on the Chemistry and Neuroprotective Effects of Silymarin
Current Drug Targets Carfilzomib: A Tale of a Heartbreaking Moment: Case Report and Concise Review of the Literature
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Managing Cardiovascular Risk Factors without Medications: What is the Evidence?
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cardiovascular Tests: Use & Limits of Biochemical Markers - Therapeutic Measurements of ADMA Involved in Cardiovascular Disorders
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role and Modulation of the Oxidative Balance in Pregnancy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Oxidative Stress, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines, and Antioxidants Regulate Expression Levels of MicroRNAs in Parkinson’s Disease
Current Aging Science Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Specific Patient Populations at Increased Cardiovascular Risk
Current Vascular Pharmacology Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Lectin Exhibit Inhibition of ACE-I, α-amylase and α-glucosidase Activity
Protein & Peptide Letters Cardiovascular Alterations After Spinal Cord Injury: An Overview
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents The Mediterranean and other Dietary Patterns in Secondary Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Review
Current Vascular Pharmacology The Concomitance of Hypertension and Diabetes Exacerbating Retinopathy: The Role of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.
Current Clinical Pharmacology Systemic Sclerosis at the Cellular Level: Molecular Pathways of Pathogenesis and its Implication on Future Drug Design
Current Medicinal Chemistry Functional Renal MRI
Current Medical Imaging Monoclonal Antibodies in Rare Acquired Thrombotic Disorders: The Paradigms of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Current Vascular Pharmacology