Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), generated by NO synthase (NOS) enzymes, is an important bioactive molecule involved in the regulation of several biological phenomena that are crucial for organogenesis, including gene expression, cell growth, matrix remolding, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The expression of NOS isoforms in embryonic tissues is temporally and spatially regulated, and disruption of endogenous NO can lead to developmental defects. Maternal treatment with pan NOS inhibitors during early organogenesis caused severe malformations of the axial skeleton. In utero exposure during the fetal period induced limb reduction defects of vascular origin. Knock-out mice have been used to define the role of the various NOS isoforms on the origin of the abnormal development. Cardiovascular malformations, limb reduction defects, reduced growth and reduced survival have been observed in knock-out mice with targeted disruption of endothelial NOS (eNOS). Limited morphological changes were observed in mice lacking inducible NOS (iNOS) or neuronal NOS n(NOS). Results obtained with in vitro studies suggest that optimal levels of NO are required for neural tube closure. Disregulation of NO production was also recently proposed as a contributing mechanism in the origin of malformations associated with exposure to known environmental teratogens, such as valproic acid, thalidomide, copper deficiency, and diabetes.
Keywords: Nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, teratology, birth defects, limb defects, axial skeletal defects, neural tube defects, cardiovascular defects.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Nitric Oxide and Teratogenesis: An Update
Volume: 20 Issue: 34
Author(s): Gian Mario Tiboni and Adalisa Ponzano
Affiliation:
Keywords: Nitric oxide, nitric oxide synthase, nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, teratology, birth defects, limb defects, axial skeletal defects, neural tube defects, cardiovascular defects.
Abstract: Nitric oxide (NO), generated by NO synthase (NOS) enzymes, is an important bioactive molecule involved in the regulation of several biological phenomena that are crucial for organogenesis, including gene expression, cell growth, matrix remolding, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The expression of NOS isoforms in embryonic tissues is temporally and spatially regulated, and disruption of endogenous NO can lead to developmental defects. Maternal treatment with pan NOS inhibitors during early organogenesis caused severe malformations of the axial skeleton. In utero exposure during the fetal period induced limb reduction defects of vascular origin. Knock-out mice have been used to define the role of the various NOS isoforms on the origin of the abnormal development. Cardiovascular malformations, limb reduction defects, reduced growth and reduced survival have been observed in knock-out mice with targeted disruption of endothelial NOS (eNOS). Limited morphological changes were observed in mice lacking inducible NOS (iNOS) or neuronal NOS n(NOS). Results obtained with in vitro studies suggest that optimal levels of NO are required for neural tube closure. Disregulation of NO production was also recently proposed as a contributing mechanism in the origin of malformations associated with exposure to known environmental teratogens, such as valproic acid, thalidomide, copper deficiency, and diabetes.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tiboni Mario Gian and Ponzano Adalisa, Nitric Oxide and Teratogenesis: An Update, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140205150437
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140205150437 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Adrenomedullin-RAMP2 System in Cardiovascular Development and Homeostasis
Current Hypertension Reviews Catheter Ablation of Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Current Pharmaceutical Design Supraventricular Tachycardia in Fetus: How Can We Treat ?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure Syndromes: An Update
Current Cardiology Reviews Enasidenib: First Mutant IDH2 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Refractory and Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Cardiotoxicity of Tyrosine-Kinase-Targeting Drugs
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Plasma Pharmacokinetics of Antimicrobial Agents in Critically Ill Patients
Current Clinical Pharmacology Chest Pain in Children
Current Pediatric Reviews What’s Old is New Again – A Review of the Current Evidence of Colchicine in Cardiovascular Medicine
Current Cardiology Reviews Direct (New) Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs): Drawbacks, Bleeding and Reversal
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Colchicine: An Old Wine in a New Bottle?
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Malignancies: A Therapeutic Update
Current HIV Research Review on Bosentan, A Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery The Role for Adjunctive Image in Pre-procedural Assessment and Peri-Procedural Management in Chronic Total Occlusion Recanalisation
Current Cardiology Reviews Molecular Targets and Targeted Therapies for Malignant Mesothelioma
Current Medicinal Chemistry The Diagnosis of Large Airway Pathology and the Role of Rigid Bronchoscopy
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Cardiac MRI in Infiltrative Disorders: A Concise Review
Current Cardiology Reviews Contemporary Treatment of Amyloid Heart Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pleural Fluid Analysis for Evaluating Pleural Effusions
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Can Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Symptomatic COVID-19 Patients Upon Admission Indicate Disease Prognosis and Clinical Outcome?
Current Medical Imaging