Abstract
Brief periods of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion exert a protective effect against subsequent longer ischemic periods, a phenomenon coined ischemic preconditioning. Similarly, repeated brief episodes of coronary occlusion and reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion, called post-conditioning, dramatically reduce infarct sizes. Interestingly, both effects can be achieved by the administration of any volatile anesthetic. In fact, cardio-protection by volatile anesthetics is an older phenomenon than ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. Although the mechanism through which anesthetics can mimic ischemic pre- or post-conditioning is still unknown, adenosine generation and signaling are the most redundant triggers in ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. In fact, adenosine signaling has been implicated in isoflurane-mediated cardioprotection. Adenosine acts via four receptors designated as A1, A2a, A2b, and A3. Cardioprotection has been associated with all subtypes, although the role of each remains controversial. Much of the controversy stems from the abundance of receptor agonists and antagonists that are, in fact, capable of interacting with multiple receptor subtypes. Recently, more specific receptor agonists and new genetic animal models have become available paving way towards new discoveries. As such, the adenosine A2b receptor was shown to be the only one of the adenosine receptors whose cardiac expression is induced by ischemia in both mice and humans and whose function is implicated in ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. In the current review, we will focus on adenosine signaling in the context of anesthetic cardioprotection and will highlight new discoveries, which could lead to new therapeutic concepts to treat myocardial ischemia using anesthetic preconditioning.
Keywords: Volatile anesthetics, adenosine, heart ischemia, cardioprotection, preconditioning, circadian, Per2.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Anesthetic Cardioprotection: The Role of Adenosine
Volume: 20 Issue: 36
Author(s): Stephanie Bonney, Kelly Hughes and Tobias Eckle
Affiliation:
Keywords: Volatile anesthetics, adenosine, heart ischemia, cardioprotection, preconditioning, circadian, Per2.
Abstract: Brief periods of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion exert a protective effect against subsequent longer ischemic periods, a phenomenon coined ischemic preconditioning. Similarly, repeated brief episodes of coronary occlusion and reperfusion at the onset of reperfusion, called post-conditioning, dramatically reduce infarct sizes. Interestingly, both effects can be achieved by the administration of any volatile anesthetic. In fact, cardio-protection by volatile anesthetics is an older phenomenon than ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. Although the mechanism through which anesthetics can mimic ischemic pre- or post-conditioning is still unknown, adenosine generation and signaling are the most redundant triggers in ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. In fact, adenosine signaling has been implicated in isoflurane-mediated cardioprotection. Adenosine acts via four receptors designated as A1, A2a, A2b, and A3. Cardioprotection has been associated with all subtypes, although the role of each remains controversial. Much of the controversy stems from the abundance of receptor agonists and antagonists that are, in fact, capable of interacting with multiple receptor subtypes. Recently, more specific receptor agonists and new genetic animal models have become available paving way towards new discoveries. As such, the adenosine A2b receptor was shown to be the only one of the adenosine receptors whose cardiac expression is induced by ischemia in both mice and humans and whose function is implicated in ischemic pre- or post-conditioning. In the current review, we will focus on adenosine signaling in the context of anesthetic cardioprotection and will highlight new discoveries, which could lead to new therapeutic concepts to treat myocardial ischemia using anesthetic preconditioning.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bonney Stephanie, Hughes Kelly and Eckle Tobias, Anesthetic Cardioprotection: The Role of Adenosine, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (36) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140204102524
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140204102524 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Prognostic Implications of Genetics in Cardiovascular Disease
Current Pharmacogenomics Retraction Notice: Emerging Targets for COPD Therapy
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy The Location of Vascular Flap is Related with Daily Activity Patterns in Non-traumatic Acute Aortic Syndrome in a Chinese Population
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Revascularization vs. Optimal Medical Therapy in Women with NSTE-ACS
Current Pharmaceutical Design Plausible Improvements for Selective Targeting of Dopamine Receptors in Therapy of Parkinson’s Disease
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Proposing a “Lipemic Index” As a Nutritional and Research Tool
Current Vascular Pharmacology Antioxidant Therapy Against Trypanosome Infections: A Review Update
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry PET Imaging of Beta-Adrenoceptors in Human Brain: A Realistic Goal or a Mirage?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Blockers as New Drugs for the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Preparation of Knockout Extract for Determination of Really Active Compound Using MAb
Current Drug Discovery Technologies S-Nitrosothiols as Nitric Oxide-Donors: Chemistry, Biology and Possible Future Therapeutic Applications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Novel Antithrombotic Agents: Indirect Synthetic Inhibitors of Factor Xa and Direct Thrombin Inhibitors. Evidences from Clinical Studies
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents Fructooligosaccharides of Edible Alliums: Occurrence, Chemistry and Health Benefits
Current Nutrition & Food Science Analysis of the Selected Biochemical Blood Parameters in Patients After Total Hip Replacement
Current Rheumatology Reviews The Roles of Cytochrome P450 in Ischemic Heart Disease
Current Drug Metabolism Total Lipids and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters of Germinated Seeds of Mangrove Wild Legume
Current Nutrition & Food Science QT Alterations in Psychopharmacology: Proven Candidates and Suspects
Current Drug Safety Review of Progress in Predicting Protein Methylation Sites
Current Organic Chemistry Prevalence of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Events in Patients Prescribed Clozapine: A Retrospective Observational, Clinical Cohort Study
Current Drug Safety Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Endothelial Function in Humans:Clinical Implications
Current Vascular Pharmacology