Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The expression of COX-2 and prostaglandins has not only been associated with various types of cancer but is also directly proportional to their aggressiveness including metastasis. Thus, inhibition of COX-2 activity has been one of the preferred targets for cancer reduction. Broad spectrum inhibition of all forms of COX (using NSAIDs) is associated with various side effects ranging from gastric ulceration to renal problems. Even specific COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) are associated with side effects like myocardial infarction. Alternative strategies including siRNA technology are also not very victorious due to their off-target associated problems. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of strategies where COX-2 activity may be reduced without inducing any side effects. One of the approaches for designing novel inhibitors may be to target various molecules downstream of COX-2. In this review, we have tried to cover the basic biology of COX-2 and its association with different types of cancer. Various generations of COX-2 inhibitors have been covered with their merits and demerits. Possible exploitation of novel targets like EP receptors, mPGES and various other downstream molecules which can be utilized for a better COX-2 signaling inhibition and thus efficient cancer reduction with minimal side effects has been discussed.
Keywords: Cancer, COXIBs, cyclooxygenase-2, NSAIDs, mPGES-1, EP receptors.
Current Drug Targets
Title:COX-2 Signaling and Cancer: New Players in Old Arena
Volume: 15 Issue: 3
Author(s): Shashank Misra and Kulbhushan Sharma
Affiliation:
Keywords: Cancer, COXIBs, cyclooxygenase-2, NSAIDs, mPGES-1, EP receptors.
Abstract: Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. The expression of COX-2 and prostaglandins has not only been associated with various types of cancer but is also directly proportional to their aggressiveness including metastasis. Thus, inhibition of COX-2 activity has been one of the preferred targets for cancer reduction. Broad spectrum inhibition of all forms of COX (using NSAIDs) is associated with various side effects ranging from gastric ulceration to renal problems. Even specific COX-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) are associated with side effects like myocardial infarction. Alternative strategies including siRNA technology are also not very victorious due to their off-target associated problems. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of strategies where COX-2 activity may be reduced without inducing any side effects. One of the approaches for designing novel inhibitors may be to target various molecules downstream of COX-2. In this review, we have tried to cover the basic biology of COX-2 and its association with different types of cancer. Various generations of COX-2 inhibitors have been covered with their merits and demerits. Possible exploitation of novel targets like EP receptors, mPGES and various other downstream molecules which can be utilized for a better COX-2 signaling inhibition and thus efficient cancer reduction with minimal side effects has been discussed.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Misra Shashank and Sharma Kulbhushan, COX-2 Signaling and Cancer: New Players in Old Arena, Current Drug Targets 2014; 15 (3) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450115666140127102915
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450115666140127102915 |
Print ISSN 1389-4501 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-5592 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
New drug therapy for eye diseases
Eyesight is one of the most critical senses, accounting for over 80% of our perceptions. Our quality of life might be significantly affected by eye disease, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, dry eye, etc. Although the development of microinvasive ocular surgery reduces surgical complications and improves overall outcomes, medication therapy is ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Reversal in Cognition Impairments, Cholinergic Dysfunction, and Cerebral Oxidative Stress Through the Modulation of Ryanodine Receptors (RyRs) and Cysteinyl Leukotriene-1 (CysLT1) Receptors
Current Neurovascular Research Microemulsions: A Potential Drug Delivery System
Current Drug Delivery Diabetes and the Impairment of Reproductive Function: Possible Role of Mitochondria and Reactive Oxygen Species
Current Diabetes Reviews Apoptosis-Inducing Activity and Antiproliferative Effect of Gossypin on PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Pain and Obesity in the Older Adult
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Chronic Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: Modern Assessment and Diagnosis
Current Vascular Pharmacology Mast Cells as a Double-Edged Sword in Immunity: Their Function in Health and Disease. First of Two Parts
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets The Development and Progression of Atherosclerosis: Evidence supporting a Role for Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Signaling
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Preface [Hot topic: New Insights into COX-2 Biology and Inhibition (Executive Editor: Paola Patrignani)]
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Role of Skin and Gut Microbiome and Epigenetic Modifications in Skin-Autoimmune Disorders
Current Molecular Medicine AChE Inhibition-based Multi-target-directed Ligands, a Novel Pharmacological Approach for the Symptomatic and Disease-modifying Therapy of Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Technological Maturity and Systematic Review of Medicinal Plants with Pharmacological Activity in the Central Nervous System
Recent Patents on Biotechnology ONCOFID™-P a Hyaluronic Acid Paclitaxel Conjugate for the Treatment of Refractory Bladder Cancer and Peritoneal Carcinosis
Current Bioactive Compounds Expression of a Lipid Transfer Protein in Escherichia coli and Its Phosphorylation by a Membrane-Bound Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinase
Protein & Peptide Letters The Blood-Brain Barrier in Multiple Sclerosis: microRNAs as Key Regulators
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Novel Therapeutic Potential of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activated Protein Kinase 2 (MK2) in Chronic Airway Inflammatory Disorders
Current Drug Targets Alzheimer’s Disease, Astrocytes and Kynurenines
Current Alzheimer Research Management of Musculoskeletal Complications in Patients with Hemophilia: Literature Review and Expert Recommendations
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides in Plant and Mammalian Innate Immunity
Protein & Peptide Letters HDL Therapy for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Vascular Pharmacology