Abstract
Role of calcium ion (Ca2+) in the functioning of neurons from their naïve state to mature state is of vital importance. It controls functions such as neuronal functioning, neuronal ATP production, central nervous system migration and many others. Failure in Ca2+ homeostasis mechanisms and the resulting cellular Ca2+ ion load initiates a cascade of reactions involving various cytosolic enzymes and proteins. This total mechanism leads to the neuronal death. The ability of neurons to resist such death mechanisms fails as a result of extensive cell death signaling cascade reactions and later brings brain damage. The role of neuronal endoplasmic reticulum and protein channels like CaVs, TRP channels, and NMDAR as the mediators of cell damage and death has been evaluated in the studies related to cerebral ischemia. Here, we portray Ca2+ ion as one of the role players in neuronal death and cerebral damage following ischemia. The role of Ca2+ in neuronal functioning, its regulatory mechanisms and the failure of homeostatic mechanisms are discussed in detail.
Keywords: Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ ion, ischemia, neuronal damage, neuroprotection.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Calcium Ion – The Key Player in Cerebral Ischemia
Volume: 21 Issue: 18
Author(s): V.S. Suvanish Kumar, A. Gopalakrishnan, M. Naziroglu and G.K. Rajanikant
Affiliation:
Keywords: Ca2+ channels, Ca2+ ion, ischemia, neuronal damage, neuroprotection.
Abstract: Role of calcium ion (Ca2+) in the functioning of neurons from their naïve state to mature state is of vital importance. It controls functions such as neuronal functioning, neuronal ATP production, central nervous system migration and many others. Failure in Ca2+ homeostasis mechanisms and the resulting cellular Ca2+ ion load initiates a cascade of reactions involving various cytosolic enzymes and proteins. This total mechanism leads to the neuronal death. The ability of neurons to resist such death mechanisms fails as a result of extensive cell death signaling cascade reactions and later brings brain damage. The role of neuronal endoplasmic reticulum and protein channels like CaVs, TRP channels, and NMDAR as the mediators of cell damage and death has been evaluated in the studies related to cerebral ischemia. Here, we portray Ca2+ ion as one of the role players in neuronal death and cerebral damage following ischemia. The role of Ca2+ in neuronal functioning, its regulatory mechanisms and the failure of homeostatic mechanisms are discussed in detail.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kumar Suvanish V.S., Gopalakrishnan A., Naziroglu M. and Rajanikant G.K., Calcium Ion – The Key Player in Cerebral Ischemia, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 21 (18) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666131228204246
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666131228204246 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Alpha-Emitters for Immuno-Therapy: A Review of Recent Developments from Chemistry to Clinics
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Challenges and Opportunities in Molecular Imaging
Current Medical Imaging Nanocarriers Based Anticancer Drugs: Current Scenario and Future Perceptions
Current Drug Targets T Cell Costimulatory and Inhibitory Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Inducing Anti-Tumor Immunity
Current Cancer Drug Targets TGF-Beta: a Master Switch in Tumor Immunity
Current Pharmaceutical Design Activation of Sphingosine Kinase-1 in Cancer: Implications for Therapeutic Targeting
Current Molecular Pharmacology The Akt Pathway: Molecular Targets for Anti-Cancer Drug Development
Current Cancer Drug Targets MATra - Magnet Assisted Transfection: Combining Nanotechnology and Magnetic Forces to Improve Intracellular Delivery of Nucleic Acids
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Heterodimeric Amino Acid Transporters: Molecular Biology and Pathological and Pharmacological Relevance
Current Drug Metabolism Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Source of Dopaminergic Neurons: A Potential Cell Based Therapy for Parkinson's Disease
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Understanding the Pharmaceutical Aspects of Dendrimers for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
Current Drug Targets Relevance of the Deletion Polymorphisms of the Glutathione S-Transferases GSTT1 and GSTM1 in Pharmacology and Toxicology
Current Drug Metabolism LAT1 Targeted Delivery of Methionine Based Imaging Probe Derived from M(III) Metal Ions for Early Diagnosis of Proliferating Tumours using Molecular Imaging Modalities
Current Cancer Drug Targets Dietary Manipulation of Precursor Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Modulates Eicosanoid and Endocannabinoid Synthesis: A Potential Tool to Control Tumor Development
Current Nutrition & Food Science Adenovirus Vectors Composed of Subgroup B Adenoviruses
Current Gene Therapy The Role of LRRK2 in Neurodegeneration of Parkinson Disease
Current Neuropharmacology Characteristics of Brain Tumor Stem Cells and the Rationale for Applying Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors as Potential Targeting Agents
Recent Patents on Regenerative Medicine Clinical Experience with Antiangiogenic Therapy in Leukemia
Current Cancer Drug Targets Current Status of Magnetite-Based Core@Shell Structures for Diagnosis and Therapy in Oncology Short running title: Biomedical Applications of Magnetite@Shell Structures
Current Pharmaceutical Design