Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a widespread disease of the arterial system that is generated by injury to the vasculature due to hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and inflammatory diseases. In the current review, we discuss the role of different risk factors, including obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in atherosclerosis, which may ultimately lead to either cardiovascular or cerebral complication. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in conjunction with obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the etiology of atherosclerosis. We discuss the role of inflammation with regards to reactive oxygen species (ROS) linked to the specific risk factors. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in conjunction with ROS is also important. Correlations of inflammatory cytokines and their functions in the mentioned risk factors are also discussed. The risk factors may ultimately lead to ischemic events, including transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction. Importantly, it seems as if there is a combination of pathophysiological triggers that may eventually result in atherosclerosis. Therefore, atherosclerosis is not the result of only one risk factor, but a combination of various physiological processes such as homeostasis and the inflammatory response. Ultimately, each patient's risk profile is unique and determines their immediate risk for acute thrombotic events or lethal ischemia.
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, ischemia, obesity.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Obesity, Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia as Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis Leading to Ischemic Events
Volume: 21 Issue: 19
Author(s): Mia-Jeanne van Rooy and E. Pretorius
Affiliation:
Keywords: Atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, ischemia, obesity.
Abstract: Atherosclerosis is a widespread disease of the arterial system that is generated by injury to the vasculature due to hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and inflammatory diseases. In the current review, we discuss the role of different risk factors, including obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in atherosclerosis, which may ultimately lead to either cardiovascular or cerebral complication. Inflammation plays a pivotal role in conjunction with obesity, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia in the etiology of atherosclerosis. We discuss the role of inflammation with regards to reactive oxygen species (ROS) linked to the specific risk factors. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in conjunction with ROS is also important. Correlations of inflammatory cytokines and their functions in the mentioned risk factors are also discussed. The risk factors may ultimately lead to ischemic events, including transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), thrombotic stroke and myocardial infarction. Importantly, it seems as if there is a combination of pathophysiological triggers that may eventually result in atherosclerosis. Therefore, atherosclerosis is not the result of only one risk factor, but a combination of various physiological processes such as homeostasis and the inflammatory response. Ultimately, each patient's risk profile is unique and determines their immediate risk for acute thrombotic events or lethal ischemia.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Rooy van Mia-Jeanne and Pretorius E., Obesity, Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia as Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis Leading to Ischemic Events, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2014; 21 (19) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666131227162950
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867321666131227162950 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
Current advances in inherited cardiomyopathy
Describe in detail all novel advances in multimodality imaging related to inherited cardiomyopathy diagnosis and prognosis. Shed light to deeper phenotypic characterization. Acknowledge recent advances in genetics, genomics and precision medicineread more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase: A Novel Target for the Treatment of Hypertension
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Interplay Between ACE2 and Angiotensin-(1-7) in the Regulation of Blood Pressure
Current Hypertension Reviews Urotensin II: A Vascular Mediator in Health and Disease
Current Vascular Pharmacology Liver Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: Potential Therapeutic Value of Vitamin E-Silybin Phytosomal Complex
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Editorial (Hot Topic: Marine Peptides: Emerging Perspectives for Pharmaceuticals)
Current Protein & Peptide Science Intimal Hyperplasia in Murine Models
Current Drug Targets Strategies to Tackle Early Low Flow States in the Extremely Preterm Infant
Current Pediatric Reviews Cardiovascular Adverse Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity and Glial Support: Mechanisms that can be Targeted for Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Stroke
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Interventions to Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System, and Vascular Redox State
Recent Patents on Cardiovascular Drug Discovery Anticancer Properties of Amino Acid and Peptide Derivatives of Mycophenolic Acid
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Dissecting the Mechanisms of Thrombogenesis and Atherosclerosis for Neurodegenerative Disorders
Current Neurovascular Research Are Patient Self-Report Questionnaires as "Scientific" as Biomarkers in "Treat-totarget" and Prognosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Serum Insulin Degrading Enzyme Level and Other Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
Current Alzheimer Research Pharmacogenomics of Open-Angle Glaucoma
Current Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine Water Soluble Vitamins and their Role in Diabetes and its Complications
Current Diabetes Reviews Chronic Kidney Disease and Sleeping Disordered Breathing (SDB)
Current Hypertension Reviews Microcirculation in Hypertension: An Update on Clinical Significance and Therapy
Current Vascular Pharmacology Could Better Phenotyping Small Vessel Disease Provide New Insights into Alzheimer Disease and Improve Clinical Trial Outcomes?
Current Alzheimer Research Targeting Tau Hyperphosphorylation <I>via</I> Kinase Inhibition: Strategy to Address Alzheimer's Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry