Abstract
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a higher risk for both, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The cornerstone of treatment is lifestyle modification, encompassing weight reduction and physical exercise. However, pharmacotherapy is usually also required to achieve the recommended target values for the various components of the MetS, such as hypertension, dysglycemia and dyslipidemia. Regarding lipid treatment, statins are the main therapeutic agents while in blood pressure control a significant amount of pathophysiological and clinical evidence would suggest the use, as first line agents, of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Metformin seems to be the drug of choice for dysglycemia, specially since recent evidence questions the safety of thiazolidinediones. New drugs, targeting multiple components of the MetS, are under development but no data are currently available regarding their long-term efficacy and safety profile. In general, a multifactorial approach is recommended to decrease cardiovascular risk in patients with the MetS.
Keywords: Dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome, smoking.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Pharmacologic Therapy for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome
Volume: 20 Issue: 31
Author(s): Ioanna Gouni-Berthold and Heiner K. Berthold
Affiliation:
Keywords: Dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome, smoking.
Abstract: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a higher risk for both, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. The cornerstone of treatment is lifestyle modification, encompassing weight reduction and physical exercise. However, pharmacotherapy is usually also required to achieve the recommended target values for the various components of the MetS, such as hypertension, dysglycemia and dyslipidemia. Regarding lipid treatment, statins are the main therapeutic agents while in blood pressure control a significant amount of pathophysiological and clinical evidence would suggest the use, as first line agents, of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers. Metformin seems to be the drug of choice for dysglycemia, specially since recent evidence questions the safety of thiazolidinediones. New drugs, targeting multiple components of the MetS, are under development but no data are currently available regarding their long-term efficacy and safety profile. In general, a multifactorial approach is recommended to decrease cardiovascular risk in patients with the MetS.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gouni-Berthold Ioanna and Berthold K. Heiner, Pharmacologic Therapy for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction in Patients with the Metabolic Syndrome, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (31) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612819666131206111721
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612819666131206111721 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Cardiovascular Toxicity from the Perspective of Oxidative Stress, Electron Transfer, and Prevention by Antioxidants
Current Vascular Pharmacology Antihypertensive Treatment with Beta-Blockers in the Metabolic Syndrome: A Review
Current Diabetes Reviews The Effect of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone on Apoptosis and Autophagy in Traumatic Brain Injury
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Clinical Potential of VIP by Modified Pharmaco-kinetics and Delivery Mechanisms
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Management of Hypertension-Journey from Single Drug Therapy to Multitargeted Ligand Therapy: A Clinical Overview
Current Clinical Pharmacology Associations between Periodontitis and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases: Response to Treatment
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Vitamin D and Sepsis: From Associations to Causal Connections
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Effect of Soy Isoflavone Supplementation on Endothelial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress in Equol-Producing Postmenopausal Women
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets N-Aroylated Isatins: Antiglycation Activity
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery Alstrom Syndrome: Genetics and Clinical Overview
Current Genomics Approaches for the Cure of Type 1 Diabetes by Cellular and Gene Therapy
Current Gene Therapy Patent Selections:
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Production of Pancreatic Beta-Cells from Stem Cells
Current Diabetes Reviews Ghrelin and Motilin in the Gastrointestinal System
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Spleen Tyrosine Kinase (Syk) in Human Disease, Implications for Design of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Based Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Withdrawn: Alkaloidal Content, Medicinal, Properties of Peganum harmala L. (P. harmala)
Current Traditional Medicine Predictive Factors of follow-up Non-attendance and Mortality Among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus- an Analysis of the Malaysian Diabetes Registry 2009
Current Diabetes Reviews Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Potential of Naringenin: A Citrus Flavonoid of Pharmaceutical Promise
Current Pharmaceutical Design Identifying S100B as a Biomarker and a Therapeutic Target For Brain Injury and Multiple Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Monitoring and Surveillance of Obesity in the United States
Current Nutrition & Food Science