Abstract
Opiates are the most effective treatment for acute and chronic severe pain. However, for the fact that they provoke the development of analgesic tolerance as observed in human studies, their clinical utility is often lower. Morphine is a principal opiate, but to get an equivalent pain relief with it, the doses of administration need to be constantly increasing. However, such dose increase has a therapeutic impact by on setting morphine-induced hypersensitivity. This complex pathophysiological cycle contributes significantly to decreased quality of life in the population of subjects with chronic pain. In any case, interests in new approaches that would maintain opiate efficacy during repetitive dosing without engendering tolerance or unacceptable side-effects are growing.
Recent evidence has implicated oxidative stress in the development of pain in several pathologies and most importantly in opiate antinociceptive tolerance, caused by the presence of free radicals. This mini-review on some opioids and their possible mechanisms has dual objective: to discuss the importance and role of free radicals in maintenance of pain and induction of opiate antinociceptive tolerance; and to demonstrate that opiates are rational target for therapeutic intervention in pain management, as well as to provide a pharmacological basis for developing inhibitors of free radical biosynthesis.
Keywords: Brain, free radicals, morphine, opioids, oxidative stress, pain.
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry
Title:Oxidative Stress and Opioids' Toxicity: An Update
Volume: 10 Issue: 4
Author(s): Hugo Juárez Olguín, David Calderón Guzmán and Gerardo Barragán Mejía
Affiliation:
Keywords: Brain, free radicals, morphine, opioids, oxidative stress, pain.
Abstract: Opiates are the most effective treatment for acute and chronic severe pain. However, for the fact that they provoke the development of analgesic tolerance as observed in human studies, their clinical utility is often lower. Morphine is a principal opiate, but to get an equivalent pain relief with it, the doses of administration need to be constantly increasing. However, such dose increase has a therapeutic impact by on setting morphine-induced hypersensitivity. This complex pathophysiological cycle contributes significantly to decreased quality of life in the population of subjects with chronic pain. In any case, interests in new approaches that would maintain opiate efficacy during repetitive dosing without engendering tolerance or unacceptable side-effects are growing.
Recent evidence has implicated oxidative stress in the development of pain in several pathologies and most importantly in opiate antinociceptive tolerance, caused by the presence of free radicals. This mini-review on some opioids and their possible mechanisms has dual objective: to discuss the importance and role of free radicals in maintenance of pain and induction of opiate antinociceptive tolerance; and to demonstrate that opiates are rational target for therapeutic intervention in pain management, as well as to provide a pharmacological basis for developing inhibitors of free radical biosynthesis.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Olguín Juárez Hugo, Guzmán Calderón David and Mejía Barragán Gerardo, Oxidative Stress and Opioids' Toxicity: An Update, Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 2013; 10 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193X113106660028
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193X113106660028 |
Print ISSN 1570-193X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6298 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Applications of Molecular Descriptors in Physicochemical Properties Research of Organic Compounds
Chemical graph theory is concerned with all aspects of the application of graph theory to various areas of chemistry, including organic, theoretical, mathematical, and computational chemistry, as well as in bioinformatics and computational biology. By the use of the term chemical it is emphasized that one is allowed in chemical ...read more
Exploring New Frontiers in Anti-inflammatory Treatment with Small Molecule Compounds
This thematic issue is dedicated to the latest advancements and research breakthroughs in the realm of anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy. With inflammation playing a critical role in numerous chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders, there is an urgent need for more targeted, effective, and safer anti-inflammatory treatments. This ...read more
Navigating the 2D Universe in Organic Chemistry
This special issue explores the transformative impact of two-dimensional (2D) materials on the realm of organic chemistry, unraveling new possibilities for synthesis, functionalization, and applications of organic compounds. Focused on the unique chemistry within this novel dimension, the issue highlights breakthroughs in the field of 2D organic chemistry. Contributions are ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Growth Factor Therapy in Atherosclerotic Disease-Friend or Foe
Current Pharmaceutical Design Palliative Combined Percutaneous Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty and Unprotected Left Main Stenting in End Stage Renal Disease
Current Cardiology Reviews Phytocompounds as Potential Agents to Treat Obesity-Cardiovascular Ailments
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry P2Y Purinoceptors as Potential Emerging Therapeutical Target in Vascular Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Hydrophilic Dual Vitamin E-Like Antioxidants as Modulators of Inflammatory Response in Low-Flow States and Impaired Wound Healing
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents Chalcones and Chromones in Copper-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloadditions (CuAAC)
Current Organic Chemistry Ginger and Heart Health: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics
Current Molecular Pharmacology Pharmacological Activities and Therapeutic Potential of Kaempferitrin in Medicine for the Treatment of Human Disorders: A Review of Medicinal Importance and Health Benefits
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets A Stress Repair Mechanism That Maintains Vertebrate Structure During Stress
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets [General Articles] Intracellular Thiol Concentration Modulating Inflammatory Response: Influence on the Regulation of Cell Functions Through Cysteine Prodrug Approach
Current Medicinal Chemistry Treatment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women
Current Medicinal Chemistry Ectodomain Shedding of ACE and ACE2 as Regulators of Their Protein Functions
Current Enzyme Inhibition Blood Pressure and Vascular Alterations with Growth in Childhood
Current Pharmaceutical Design Angiotensin II and the Cardiac Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Current Pharmaceutical Design Current Antioxidant Molecular Therapies for Oxidative Stress-Related Ailments
Current Gene Therapy Emerging Indications for Statins: A Pluripotent Family of Agents with Several Potential Applications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain-2 Silencing Induced by Hydrodynamic Limb Vein Injection Enhances Vascular Regeneration in Critical Limb Ischemia Mice through Activation of Multiple Genes
Current Gene Therapy Endothelial Expression of MHC Class II Molecules in Autoimmune Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mean Platelet Volume During Ischemic Stroke is a Potential Pro-inflammatory Biomarker in the Acute Phase and During Neurorehabilitation Not Directly Linked to Clinical Outcome
Current Neurovascular Research Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction and Acute Management Strategies
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry