Abstract
Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are the most common co-abused drugs in the world. They are not only deleterious by themselves to the health of individuals, but they also act synergistically in worsening several disease conditions. Numerous studies have shown that cancer of various organs such as liver and lungs, as well as many disease conditions such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative involve both alcohol and smoking individually, and together they pose the major risk factors. Similarly, several recent reports have shown that alcohol and smoking are involved in worsening HIV-related conditions. Although some other minor pathways are involved in alcohol- and tobacco-mediated cancers and organ toxicities, cytochrome P450 (CYP) systems are the major pathways that induce reactive oxygen species and toxic metabolites leading to oxidative stress. For example, CYP2E1 is involved in alcohol-mediated oxidative stress leading to liver injury and cancers in many organs. Similarly, CYP2A6 is mainly involved in tobacco-mediated lung cancer, as well as toxicities in other organs including the brain. Therefore, in this review we have discussed the involvement of different isozymes of CYP in alcohol- and smoking-mediated oxidative stress and organ toxicities. In general, we cover 1) prevalence, disease, and life style among alcoholics and smokers, 2) general mechanisms of alcohol- and tobaccomediated oxidative stress, 3) The role of oxidative stress mediated toxicity in different disease states, and 4) clinical implications.
Keywords: Ethanol, smoking, oxidative stress, CYP2E1, CYP2A6.
Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry
Title:Alcohol and Smoking Mediated Oxidative Stress in Organ Toxicities: Role of Cytochrome P450 Systems
Volume: 10 Issue: 4
Author(s): Anusha Ande, Ken McFarlin and Santosh Kumar
Affiliation:
Keywords: Ethanol, smoking, oxidative stress, CYP2E1, CYP2A6.
Abstract: Alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking are the most common co-abused drugs in the world. They are not only deleterious by themselves to the health of individuals, but they also act synergistically in worsening several disease conditions. Numerous studies have shown that cancer of various organs such as liver and lungs, as well as many disease conditions such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative involve both alcohol and smoking individually, and together they pose the major risk factors. Similarly, several recent reports have shown that alcohol and smoking are involved in worsening HIV-related conditions. Although some other minor pathways are involved in alcohol- and tobacco-mediated cancers and organ toxicities, cytochrome P450 (CYP) systems are the major pathways that induce reactive oxygen species and toxic metabolites leading to oxidative stress. For example, CYP2E1 is involved in alcohol-mediated oxidative stress leading to liver injury and cancers in many organs. Similarly, CYP2A6 is mainly involved in tobacco-mediated lung cancer, as well as toxicities in other organs including the brain. Therefore, in this review we have discussed the involvement of different isozymes of CYP in alcohol- and smoking-mediated oxidative stress and organ toxicities. In general, we cover 1) prevalence, disease, and life style among alcoholics and smokers, 2) general mechanisms of alcohol- and tobaccomediated oxidative stress, 3) The role of oxidative stress mediated toxicity in different disease states, and 4) clinical implications.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Ande Anusha, McFarlin Ken and Kumar Santosh, Alcohol and Smoking Mediated Oxidative Stress in Organ Toxicities: Role of Cytochrome P450 Systems, Mini-Reviews in Organic Chemistry 2013; 10 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193X113106660023
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570193X113106660023 |
Print ISSN 1570-193X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6298 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds
This thematic issue focuses on elucidating advanced synthetic strategies for bioactive compounds, with the primary objective of deepening understanding of the rational design and construction of target molecules. The exploration encompasses a diverse range of techniques, established name reactions, and cutting-edge synthetic methodologies. Specifically, the issue delves into the synthesis ...read more
Applications of Molecular Descriptors in Physicochemical Properties Research of Organic Compounds
Chemical graph theory is concerned with all aspects of the application of graph theory to various areas of chemistry, including organic, theoretical, mathematical, and computational chemistry, as well as in bioinformatics and computational biology. By the use of the term chemical it is emphasized that one is allowed in chemical ...read more
Navigating the 2D Universe in Organic Chemistry
This special issue explores the transformative impact of two-dimensional (2D) materials on the realm of organic chemistry, unraveling new possibilities for synthesis, functionalization, and applications of organic compounds. Focused on the unique chemistry within this novel dimension, the issue highlights breakthroughs in the field of 2D organic chemistry. Contributions are ...read more
Small Molecules, Big Impact: Pioneering Approaches in Anti-inflammatory Care
This thematic issue is dedicated to the latest advancements and research breakthroughs in the realm of anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy. With inflammation playing a critical role in numerous chronic conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders, there is an urgent need for more targeted, effective, and safer anti-inflammatory treatments. This ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Metabolic Profile of Dendrobine in Rats Determined by Ultra-high-performance Liquid Chromatography/Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening Wnt / β-Catenin Signaling Pathway as Novel Cancer Drug Targets
Current Cancer Drug Targets Class III β -Tubulin (TUBB3): More than a Biomarker in Solid Tumors?
Current Molecular Medicine Therapeutic Targeting of CPT-11 Induced Diarrhea: A Case for Prophylaxis
Current Drug Targets New Molecules and Strategies in the Field of Anticancer Agents
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Cancer Agents Oligonucleotides and G-quadruplex Stabilizers: Targeting Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer Therapy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumours: Pinpointing the Tumours Achilles Heel
Current Pharmaceutical Design Targeting Apoptotic Signaling Pathways in Human Lung Cancer
Current Cancer Drug Targets In vivo Radiosensitization of Human Glioma U87 Cells Induced by Upregulated Expression of DUSP-2 after Treatment with Curcumin
Current Signal Transduction Therapy A Case of Ischemic Stroke in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia at Initial Presentation: Relevance of All-Trans Retinoic Acid Treatment
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets The Status of Disease Registries in the United States: Reflections
Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs Gene Therapy for Pituitary Tumors
Current Gene Therapy The Role of Apoptosis in Cancer Development and Treatment: Focusing on the Development and Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Natural Hydrogels Applied in Photodynamic Therapy
Current Medicinal Chemistry Reductive Cyclisation in the Synthesis of 5-Membered N-Heterocycles
Current Organic Chemistry Detection of Predictive Markers for Therapeutic Stratification of Salivary Glands Tumors
Current Drug Targets Editorial (Thematic Issue: The Thoracic Space: An Amazing Pandora’s Box!)
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Multiple Functions of Generic Drugs: Future Perspectives of Aureolic Acid Group of Anti-Cancer Antibiotics and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Comparison of the Growth Curves of Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy The Application of the RNA Interference Technologies for KRAS: Current Status, Future Perspective and Associated Challenges
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry