Abstract
We summarize the alterations of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides and the corresponding subreceptors involved in major depression. Neuronal circuits in the brainstem, hippocampus and hypothalamus are developed, since they can be used to derive a multimodal pharmacotherapy. In this sense, serotonin hypoactivity could occur through a strong presynaptic inhibition of glutaminergic neurons via the subtype 5 of metabotropic glutaminergic receptors, and noradrenaline hypoactivity could be due to an enhanced presynaptic inhibition of GABAergic neurons via GABAB receptors. In the hippocampus, dopamine hypoactivity leads to a decreased positive effect. In clinical trials, the antidepressant effect of drugs interfering with the mentioned subreceptors, for example the triple reuptake inhibitor amitifadine, is being investigated. Moreover, the alterations of neuropeptides, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, neuropeptide Y and galanin are pointed out. The additional antidepressant effect of analogs, agonists and antagonists of the mentioned neuropeptides should be examined.
Keywords: Corticotropin-releasing hormone, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, neuropeptide Y, noradrenaline, serotonin, substance P.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Classical Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides Involved in Major Depression in a Multi-neurotransmitter System: A Focus on Antidepressant Drugs
Volume: 20 Issue: 38
Author(s): Felix-Martin Werner and R. Coveñas
Affiliation:
Keywords: Corticotropin-releasing hormone, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, neuropeptide Y, noradrenaline, serotonin, substance P.
Abstract: We summarize the alterations of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides and the corresponding subreceptors involved in major depression. Neuronal circuits in the brainstem, hippocampus and hypothalamus are developed, since they can be used to derive a multimodal pharmacotherapy. In this sense, serotonin hypoactivity could occur through a strong presynaptic inhibition of glutaminergic neurons via the subtype 5 of metabotropic glutaminergic receptors, and noradrenaline hypoactivity could be due to an enhanced presynaptic inhibition of GABAergic neurons via GABAB receptors. In the hippocampus, dopamine hypoactivity leads to a decreased positive effect. In clinical trials, the antidepressant effect of drugs interfering with the mentioned subreceptors, for example the triple reuptake inhibitor amitifadine, is being investigated. Moreover, the alterations of neuropeptides, such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, neuropeptide Y and galanin are pointed out. The additional antidepressant effect of analogs, agonists and antagonists of the mentioned neuropeptides should be examined.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Werner Felix-Martin and Coveñas R., Classical Neurotransmitters and Neuropeptides Involved in Major Depression in a Multi-neurotransmitter System: A Focus on Antidepressant Drugs, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2013; 20 (38) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/09298673113206660280
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/09298673113206660280 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advances in Medicinal Chemistry: From Cancer to Chronic Diseases.
The broad spectrum of the issue will provide a comprehensive overview of emerging trends, novel therapeutic interventions, and translational insights that impact modern medicine. The primary focus will be diseases of global concern, including cancer, chronic pain, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune conditions, providing a broad overview of the advancements in ...read more
Approaches to the treatment of chronic inflammation
Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of numerous diseases, significantly impacting global health. Although chronic inflammation is a hot topic, not much has been written about approaches to its treatment. This thematic issue aims to showcase the latest advancements in chronic inflammation treatment and foster discussion on future directions in this ...read more
Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Non-Infectious Inflammatory Diseases: Focus on Clinical Implications
The Special Issue covers the results of the studies on cellular and molecular mechanisms of non-infectious inflammatory diseases, in particular, autoimmune rheumatic diseases, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other age-related disorders such as type II diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. Review and research articles as well as methodology papers that summarize ...read more
Chalcogen-modified nucleic acid analogues
Chalcogen-modified nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides have been of great interest to scientific research for many years. The replacement of oxygen in the nucleobase, sugar or phosphate backbone by chalcogen atoms (sulfur, selenium, tellurium) gives these biomolecules unique properties resulting from their altered physical and chemical properties. The continuing interest in ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Curcumin: Not So Spicy After All
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Drug Repositioning: A Unique Approach to Refurbish Drug Discovery
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Side Effects of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Emerging Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Stress-Related Disorders
Current Neuropharmacology Neuroprotective Methodologies in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Current Status of Clinical and Pre-clinical Findings
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Recent Highlights on Molecular Hybrids Potentially Useful in Central Nervous System Disorders
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry On the Discovery and Development of CFTR Chloride Channel Activators
Current Pharmaceutical Design Changes in Psychiatric Diagnoses During the Transition Phase from Childhood to Adulthood in a Group of Patients with Intellectual Disability
Adolescent Psychiatry Potential Mechanisms of Failure in the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Current Pediatric Reviews Assessment and Imaging of the Cerebrovascular Glycocalyx
Current Neurovascular Research Lower Frequency of co-Morbid Medical Disorders Related to Poor Impulse Control in Parkinson’s than Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Aging Science Old and New Antiepileptic Drugs for the Treatment of Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies
Current Clinical Pharmacology Early Intervention in Psychosis: Rationale, Results and Implications for Treatment of Adolescents at Risk
Adolescent Psychiatry Therapeutic Targets for the Management of Peripheral Nerve Injury- Induced Neuropathic Pain
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Emerging Roles of Cysteine Cathepsins in Disease and their Potential as Drug Targets
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neuroprotective Strategies in Glaucoma
Current Pharmaceutical Design Pathogenesis of Stroke-Like Episodes in MELAS: Analysis of Neurovascular Cellular Mechanisms
Current Neurovascular Research Clinical Applications of Intravenous Immunoglobulins in Child Neurology
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Nicotine, Lung and Cancer
Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Brain Serotonin, Psychoactive Drugs, and Effects on Reproduction
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry