Abstract
After the revolutionary Rotterdam study that suggested there was an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a number of studies have provided direct evidence for the linkage between AD and T2DM. In recent years, AD is considered as a neuroendocrine disorder, also referred as type-3 diabetes. There is a growing list of evidence to suggest that, in addition to impaired insulin signaling, there are a number of additional factors that may act as mechanistic links between AD and T2DM. These factors mainly include hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, hypercystinemia, inflammation, impaired insulin signaling and impaired central nervous response to the adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin. Increased cholesterol plays a crucial role in the abnormal metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein, leading to the accumulation of β-amyloid. In addition to impaired insulin signaling, diabetes has been found to accelerate the appearance of cerebrovascular inflammation and β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposition. Increased oxidative stress and production of advanced glycation end products are other probable marker linkages. However, the details of many of these molecular links still require extensive investigation. It is possible that a number of common molecular linkages exist between T2DM and AD. Understanding and analyzing the various molecular linkages between AD and T2DM may shed light on new tools that can be used for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD and also accelerate the identification of T2DM patients who are at high risk of AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s diseases, diabetes, inflammation, insulin resistance, amyloid peptide, acetylcholine, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, conformational diseases, telomere shortening.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Molecular Linkages Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Current Scenario and Future Prospects
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): Tanveer A. Dar, Ishfaq A. Sheikh, Showkat A. Ganie, Riyasat Ali, Laishram R. Singh, Siew Hua Gan, Mohammad A. Kamal and Mohammad A. Zargar
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer’s diseases, diabetes, inflammation, insulin resistance, amyloid peptide, acetylcholine, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, conformational diseases, telomere shortening.
Abstract: After the revolutionary Rotterdam study that suggested there was an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a number of studies have provided direct evidence for the linkage between AD and T2DM. In recent years, AD is considered as a neuroendocrine disorder, also referred as type-3 diabetes. There is a growing list of evidence to suggest that, in addition to impaired insulin signaling, there are a number of additional factors that may act as mechanistic links between AD and T2DM. These factors mainly include hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, hypercystinemia, inflammation, impaired insulin signaling and impaired central nervous response to the adipose tissue-derived hormone leptin. Increased cholesterol plays a crucial role in the abnormal metabolism of the amyloid precursor protein, leading to the accumulation of β-amyloid. In addition to impaired insulin signaling, diabetes has been found to accelerate the appearance of cerebrovascular inflammation and β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) deposition. Increased oxidative stress and production of advanced glycation end products are other probable marker linkages. However, the details of many of these molecular links still require extensive investigation. It is possible that a number of common molecular linkages exist between T2DM and AD. Understanding and analyzing the various molecular linkages between AD and T2DM may shed light on new tools that can be used for the early diagnosis and treatment of AD and also accelerate the identification of T2DM patients who are at high risk of AD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Dar A. Tanveer, Sheikh A. Ishfaq, Ganie A. Showkat, Ali Riyasat, Singh R. Laishram, Gan Hua Siew, Kamal A. Mohammad and Zargar A. Mohammad, Molecular Linkages Between Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Current Scenario and Future Prospects, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2014; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113126660135
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113126660135 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Nanomedicine against Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Impaired Cerebral Autoregulation and Vasomotor Reactivity in Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Potential Application of Non-flavonoid Phenolics in Diabetes: Antiinflammatory Effects
Current Medicinal Chemistry Curcumin: A Natural Product for Diabetes and its Complications
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Benefits of Exercise and Metabolic Interventions for the Prevention and Early Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Hematoma Expansion: Clinical and Molecular Predictors and Corresponding Pharmacological Treatment
Current Drug Targets Understanding eNOS for Pharmacological Modulation of Endothelial Function: A Translational View
Current Pharmaceutical Design Insulin-Degrading Enzyme: Structure-Function Relationship and its Possible Roles in Health and Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Antithrombotic Therapy in Cardiac Embolism
Current Cardiology Reviews Carbonyl-Induced Enzyme Inhibition: Mechanisms and New Perspectives
Current Enzyme Inhibition Cerebrovascular Damage as a Cause for Alzheimers Disease
Current Neurovascular Research Role of microRNAs on Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Current Drug Delivery Advanced Glycation and Advanced Lipoxidation: Possible Role in Initiation and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy
Current Pharmaceutical Design Therapeutic Approaches of Leptin in Alzheimers Disease
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes: Lessons from Animal Models
Current Medicinal Chemistry New Perspectives for the Diagnosis of Alzheimers Disease
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery (Discontinued) Impact of Diabetes on Vasculature: Focus on Nervous System
Current Diabetes Reviews Synthesis and Biological Activity of 3-(substitutedphenyl)- 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Intracranial MR Dynamics in Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimers Disease: The Emerging Concept of “Pulse Wave Encephalopathy”
Current Alzheimer Research Insight to the Pathophysiology of Stable Angina Pectoris
Current Pharmaceutical Design