Abstract
Immune dysfunction, including monocytosis, increased blood levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL- 6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as an increased microglial density in certain brain areas, have been described in schizophrenia and depression. Interestingly, similar immune alterations have been observed in suicide patients regardless of their underlying psychiatric diagnosis. This review summarizes relevant data from previous studies that have examined peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid and human brains (using postmortem histology and in vivo positron emission tomography) to investigate immune mechanisms in suicidal patients.
We discuss whether the observed findings indicate that microgliosis and monocyte-macrophage system activation may be a useful marker of disease acuity/severity or whether they instead indicate a distinct neurobiology of suicide. Notably, pathophysiological mechanisms could change during the long-term course of psychiatric diseases. Therefore, different patterns of immune activation may be observed when comparing newly diseased patients with those who are chronically ill.
Keywords: Suicide, suicidality, depression, schizophrenia, immune system, microglia, mononuclear phagocyte system, monocytes, lymphocytes, review.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Possible Impact of Microglial Cells and the Monocyte-Macrophage System on Suicidal Behavior
Volume: 12 Issue: 7
Author(s): Johann Steiner, Tomasz Gos, Bernhard Bogerts, Hendrik Bielau, Hemmo A. Drexhage and Hans-Gert Bernstein
Affiliation:
Keywords: Suicide, suicidality, depression, schizophrenia, immune system, microglia, mononuclear phagocyte system, monocytes, lymphocytes, review.
Abstract: Immune dysfunction, including monocytosis, increased blood levels of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL- 6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), as well as an increased microglial density in certain brain areas, have been described in schizophrenia and depression. Interestingly, similar immune alterations have been observed in suicide patients regardless of their underlying psychiatric diagnosis. This review summarizes relevant data from previous studies that have examined peripheral blood, cerebrospinal fluid and human brains (using postmortem histology and in vivo positron emission tomography) to investigate immune mechanisms in suicidal patients.
We discuss whether the observed findings indicate that microgliosis and monocyte-macrophage system activation may be a useful marker of disease acuity/severity or whether they instead indicate a distinct neurobiology of suicide. Notably, pathophysiological mechanisms could change during the long-term course of psychiatric diseases. Therefore, different patterns of immune activation may be observed when comparing newly diseased patients with those who are chronically ill.
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Cite this article as:
Steiner Johann, Gos Tomasz, Bogerts Bernhard, Bielau Hendrik, Drexhage A. Hemmo and Bernstein Hans-Gert, Possible Impact of Microglial Cells and the Monocyte-Macrophage System on Suicidal Behavior, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2013; 12 (7) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113129990099
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18715273113129990099 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
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