Abstract
Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine that selectively and irreversibly inhibits the ADP purinergic receptor P2Y12 and the subsequent ADP-mediated platelet activation. Clopidogrel has been approved for clinical use as clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) salt. The clinical usefulness of clopidogrel bisulfate salt has been proved in a wide variety of large scale clinical trials, thus clopidogrel bisulfate has been extensively used in a large spectrum of patients been under thrombotic risk. Recently, several generic clopidogrel formulations have been approved for clinical use. Consequently, clopidogrel is currently a cost-effective antiplatelet agent. Only small studies have compared the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various clopidogrel generic salt formulations with the innovator bisulfate salt. In addition few data are available concerning the clinical efficacy and safety of these generic clopidogrel formulations in order to guide clinicians in deciding when generic substitution is appropriate. The aim of this review is to summarize the physicochemical properties as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the generic clopidogrel salts. We also critically present existing data on the clinical efficacy and safety of the generic clopidogrel formulations compared with the innovator clopidogrel bisulfate salt in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Keywords: Bioequivalence, cardiovascular disease, clopidogrel, generic clopidogrel, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, platelets.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Clopidogrel Generic Formulations in the Era of New Antiplatelets: A Systematic Review
Volume: 12 Issue: 5
Author(s): Maria E. Tsoumani, Kallirroi I. Kalantzi, Ioannis A. Goudevenos and Alexandros D. Tselepis
Affiliation:
Keywords: Bioequivalence, cardiovascular disease, clopidogrel, generic clopidogrel, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, platelets.
Abstract: Clopidogrel is a thienopyridine that selectively and irreversibly inhibits the ADP purinergic receptor P2Y12 and the subsequent ADP-mediated platelet activation. Clopidogrel has been approved for clinical use as clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate) salt. The clinical usefulness of clopidogrel bisulfate salt has been proved in a wide variety of large scale clinical trials, thus clopidogrel bisulfate has been extensively used in a large spectrum of patients been under thrombotic risk. Recently, several generic clopidogrel formulations have been approved for clinical use. Consequently, clopidogrel is currently a cost-effective antiplatelet agent. Only small studies have compared the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of various clopidogrel generic salt formulations with the innovator bisulfate salt. In addition few data are available concerning the clinical efficacy and safety of these generic clopidogrel formulations in order to guide clinicians in deciding when generic substitution is appropriate. The aim of this review is to summarize the physicochemical properties as well as the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of the generic clopidogrel salts. We also critically present existing data on the clinical efficacy and safety of the generic clopidogrel formulations compared with the innovator clopidogrel bisulfate salt in patients with cardiovascular disease.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Tsoumani E. Maria, Kalantzi I. Kallirroi, Goudevenos A. Ioannis and Tselepis D. Alexandros, Clopidogrel Generic Formulations in the Era of New Antiplatelets: A Systematic Review, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2014; 12 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113119990135
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113119990135 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Emergence of Lipid-Based Vesicular Carriers as Nanoscale Pharmacotherapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Recent Patents on Nanomedicine A Balanced View of Efficacy and Safety of Aspirin in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design Clinical Utility of Biomarkers in Premature Atherosclerosis
Current Medicinal Chemistry Simultaneous And Extended Delivery Of Stavudine, Lamivudine And Nevirapine In Fixed Dose Combination Using Sandwiched Osmotic Tablets For Hiv Therapy
Current Drug Delivery Impact of Patient Knowledge of Hypertension Complications on Adherence to Antihypertensive Therapy
Current Hypertension Reviews Editorial (Thematic Issue: Focal Atrial Tachycardias and Atrial Flutter: Are they Hot Enough to Make a Thematic Issue?)
Current Cardiology Reviews Silent Cerebral Damage in Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Calcium Ions in Inherited Cardiomyopathies
Medicinal Chemistry Network-Based Strategies Can Help Mono- and Poly-pharmacology Drug Discovery: A Systems Biology View
Current Pharmaceutical Design Editorial (Thematic Issue: Renal and Urological Diseases of the Newborn)
Current Pediatric Reviews Potential Interactions of Carotenoids with Other Bioactive Food Components in the Prevention of Chronic Diseases
Current Bioactive Compounds New Anti-Anginal Drugs: Ranolazine
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Saturation of the Human Phenome
Current Genomics Effect of Frozen Storage on Quality Changes of Five Fish Species from South Caspian Sea
Current Nutrition & Food Science Protein Kinases and Associated Pathways in Pluripotent State and Lineage Differentiation
Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy Natural Antioxidants in Wheat Sprout Extracts
Current Organic Chemistry Impact of High Protein Intake on Viral Load and Hematological Parameters in HIV-infected Patients
Current HIV Research Remediation of Cellular Hypoxic Damage by Pharmacological Agents
Current Pharmaceutical Design Circulating Biomarkers Determining Inflammation in Atherosclerosis Progression
Current Medicinal Chemistry MicroRNA Regulatory Network in Human Colorectal Cancer
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry