Abstract
Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is usually accompanied by neuroinflammation-induced encephalopathy. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Toll-like receptors (TLR), specifically TLR-4 has been linked to ischemic reperfusion injury in different organs like kidney, brain and liver. Here, we induced an ischemic reperfusion kidney injury in Sprague Dawley rats. All animals were evaluated using behavioral tests which revealed locomotor activity and motor disturbances in the AKI group. The brains were then examined by immunostaining with ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (microglial marker) and TLR-4 antibodies. The histological analysis revealed significant up-regulation of TLR-4 in the hippocampus and striatum in the AKI group. These data demonstrate for the first time, the triggering effect of TLR-4 on AKI-induced neuroinflammation in the brain that may lead to AKI-induced encephalopathy. This would also generate a novel hypothesis that using TLR blockers may have a role in preventing AKI effects on the brain.
Keywords: Toll-like receptor-4, acute kidney injury, neuroinflammation, uremic encephalopathy.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Up-Regulation of TLR-4 in the Brain After Ischemic Kidney-Induced Encephalopathy in the Rat
Volume: 12 Issue: 5
Author(s): Mohamed Salama, Sally Mohamed Farrag, Sarah abulfath abulasrar, Maha Mohamed Amin, Azza Abdel-Aziz Ali, Hussein Sheashaa, Mohamed Sobh and Oscar Arias-Carrion
Affiliation:
Keywords: Toll-like receptor-4, acute kidney injury, neuroinflammation, uremic encephalopathy.
Abstract: Ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) is usually accompanied by neuroinflammation-induced encephalopathy. However, the specific mechanism remains unclear. Toll-like receptors (TLR), specifically TLR-4 has been linked to ischemic reperfusion injury in different organs like kidney, brain and liver. Here, we induced an ischemic reperfusion kidney injury in Sprague Dawley rats. All animals were evaluated using behavioral tests which revealed locomotor activity and motor disturbances in the AKI group. The brains were then examined by immunostaining with ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (microglial marker) and TLR-4 antibodies. The histological analysis revealed significant up-regulation of TLR-4 in the hippocampus and striatum in the AKI group. These data demonstrate for the first time, the triggering effect of TLR-4 on AKI-induced neuroinflammation in the brain that may lead to AKI-induced encephalopathy. This would also generate a novel hypothesis that using TLR blockers may have a role in preventing AKI effects on the brain.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Salama Mohamed, Farrag Mohamed Sally, abulasrar abulfath Sarah, Amin Mohamed Maha, Ali Abdel-Aziz Azza, Sheashaa Hussein, Sobh Mohamed and Arias-Carrion Oscar, Up-Regulation of TLR-4 in the Brain After Ischemic Kidney-Induced Encephalopathy in the Rat, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2013; 12 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527311312050006
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527311312050006 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Techniques of Drug Repurposing: Delivering a new life to Herbs & Drugs
Of late, with the adaptation of innovative approaches and integration of advancements made towards medical sciences as well as the availability of a wide range of tools; several therapeutic challenges are being translated into viable clinical solutions, with a high degree of efficacy, safety, and selectivity. With a better understanding ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Selenium in the Therapy of Neurological Diseases. Where is it Going?
Current Neuropharmacology The Role of Chemokines, Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules in Stem Cell Trafficking and Homing
Current Pharmaceutical Design α-Fibrinogenases
Current Drug Targets - Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders High Fat Meal Increase of IL-17 is Prevented by Ingestion of Fruit Juice Drink in Healthy Overweight Subjects
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mitochondrially-Targeted Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Vitamin D Deficiency and Acute Lung Injury
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Targeted Drugs: A Focus on Diabetes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Non Peptidic Urotensin II Antagonists: Perspectives for a New Class of Drugs
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Receptor for AGEs (RAGE) as Mediator of NF-kB Pathway Activation in Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Biocompatibility and Biotolerability Assessment of Microspheres Using a Whole Blood Model
Micro and Nanosystems Matrix Metalloproteinases as Valid Clinical Target
Current Pharmaceutical Design Protein Kinase C – Possible Therapeutic Target to Treat Cardiovascular Diseases
Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders-Drug Targets Dynamic Crosstalk between GlcNAcylation and Phosphorylation: Roles in Signaling, Transcription and Human Disease
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Autophagy: A Major Target of Cadmium Nephrotoxicity
Current Chemical Biology Drug-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Diagnosis and Management
Current Cancer Drug Targets Immunosuppression in Sepsis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Improves Adverse Ventricular Remodeling Post-MI by Reducing Myocardial Necrosis, Modulating Inflammation, and Promoting Angiogenesis
Current Pharmaceutical Design Cardioprotection by Targeting the Pool of Resident and Extracardiac Progenitors
Current Drug Targets Potential Therapeutic Effect of Antioxidant Therapy in Shock and Inflammation
Current Medicinal Chemistry Hyperthermia: From Diagnostic and Treatments to New Discoveries
Recent Patents on Biotechnology