Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the impact of statins on carotid restenosis (CR) >50% and future cardiovascular events (CVE), in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
Methods: 570 consecutive patients (656 CEAs) operated between 1990 and 2009, were included in this retrospective study. The study cohort was followed for an average of 82 months (median 80, range 12- 180 months). Endpoints were the development of CR >50%, the occurrence of CVE (myocardial infarction, stroke) and overall mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to assess outcomes.
Results: 92 restenosis events were recorded. Freedom from restenosis >50% at 5, 10 and 15 years of follow-up was 92, 82 and 69%, respectively. Compared with statin-receivers, statin-free patients had a significantly higher 15-year restenosis rate (41 vs 10%; P = .001), a significantly higher CVE rate (49 vs 14%; P = .001) and a significantly higher mortality rate (24 vs 18%; P = .034). Adjusting for other covariates statins were independently associated with lower restenosis rate (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.88; P= .016), cardiovascular events (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.26-0.61; P < 0.001) and long-term mortality (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.95; P = .032).
Conclusion: Statins not only reduce cardiovascular events and mortality but may also have an important effect on the anatomic durability of CEA. These data support the use of statins in patients with carotid stenosis undergoing CEA.
Keywords: Carotid endarterectomy, restenosis, mortality, echolucent plaque, statins.
Current Vascular Pharmacology
Title:Statins Influence Long Term Restenosis and Cardiovascular Events Following Carotid Endarterectomy
Volume: 13 Issue: 2
Author(s): Efthymios D. Avgerinos, John D. Kakisis, Konstantinos G. Moulakakis, Triantafillos G. Giannakopoulos, George Sfyroeras, Constantinos N. Antonopoulos, Nikolaos P. Kadoglou and Christos D. Liapi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Carotid endarterectomy, restenosis, mortality, echolucent plaque, statins.
Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the impact of statins on carotid restenosis (CR) >50% and future cardiovascular events (CVE), in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA).
Methods: 570 consecutive patients (656 CEAs) operated between 1990 and 2009, were included in this retrospective study. The study cohort was followed for an average of 82 months (median 80, range 12- 180 months). Endpoints were the development of CR >50%, the occurrence of CVE (myocardial infarction, stroke) and overall mortality. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to assess outcomes.
Results: 92 restenosis events were recorded. Freedom from restenosis >50% at 5, 10 and 15 years of follow-up was 92, 82 and 69%, respectively. Compared with statin-receivers, statin-free patients had a significantly higher 15-year restenosis rate (41 vs 10%; P = .001), a significantly higher CVE rate (49 vs 14%; P = .001) and a significantly higher mortality rate (24 vs 18%; P = .034). Adjusting for other covariates statins were independently associated with lower restenosis rate (hazard ratio [HR], 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31-0.88; P= .016), cardiovascular events (HR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.26-0.61; P < 0.001) and long-term mortality (HR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33-0.95; P = .032).
Conclusion: Statins not only reduce cardiovascular events and mortality but may also have an important effect on the anatomic durability of CEA. These data support the use of statins in patients with carotid stenosis undergoing CEA.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Avgerinos D. Efthymios, Kakisis D. John, Moulakakis G. Konstantinos, Giannakopoulos G. Triantafillos, Sfyroeras George, Antonopoulos N. Constantinos, Kadoglou P. Nikolaos and Liapi D. Christos, Statins Influence Long Term Restenosis and Cardiovascular Events Following Carotid Endarterectomy, Current Vascular Pharmacology 2015; 13 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113119990130
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/15701611113119990130 |
Print ISSN 1570-1611 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-6212 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases: Mechanisms, Diagnosis and Therapy
Ischemic cardiovascular disease includes myocardial infarction, coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, angina pectoris, etc., constitute the leading cause of patient mortality by preventing tissues from getting sufficient oxygen and nutrients. Ischemic heart disease, as a clinical condition, is characterized by myocardial ischemia, causing an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and demand, ...read more
TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease still remains the leading cause of death in Chronic and End Stage Kidney Disease, accounting for more than half of all deaths in dialysis patients. During the past decade, research has been focused on novel therapeutic agents that might delay or even reverse cardiovascular disease and vascular calcification, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
NF-κB in Type 1 Diabetes
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Scintigraphic Imaging of Inflammatory Processes
Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents A Comprehensive Review on Recently Detected Herbal Phytoactives Having Anti-Diabetic Potential for Various Diabetes-Related Complications
Current Traditional Medicine Imaging of Organ Metabolism in Obesity and Diabetes: Treatment Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Design GSK3 Inhibitors in the Therapeutic Development of Diabetes, Cancer and Neurodegeneration: Past, Present and Future
Current Pharmaceutical Design Indications, Implications and Applications of Renal Denervation. Have we Discovered Something new?
Current Hypertension Reviews Natural Products Derived from the Mediterranean Diet with Antidiabetic Activity: from Insulin Mimetic Hypoglycemic to Nutriepigenetic Modulator Compounds
Current Pharmaceutical Design Neuroimmune Aspects of Sjogren`s Syndrome: Role of VIP/VPAC System in Immune and Salivary Gland Epithelial Cell Function
Current Pharmaceutical Design Seaweed Proteins as a Source of Bioactive Peptides
Current Pharmaceutical Design Overuse of PPIs in Patients at Admission, During Hospitalisation, and at Discharge in a Terciary Spanish Hospital
Current Clinical Pharmacology Periodontitis and Redox Status: A Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Downstream Processing for Production of Value Added Products from Coconut
Current Biochemical Engineering (Discontinued) Socio-economic Aspects of Alzheimer's Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Renal Protective Effect of Metabolic Therapy in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes: From Bench to Bed Side
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Epidemiology of Adiposity and Dementia
Current Alzheimer Research Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes
Current Pharmaceutical Design Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System Gene Polymorphisms and Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy in Asian Populations: An Updated Meta-analysis
Current Diabetes Reviews Menstrual Disorders Related to Eating Disorders
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Effects of Antioxidant Polyphenols on TNF-Alpha-Related Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Role of the Sympathetic Nervous Activity in Hypertension-Update in 2013
Current Hypertension Reviews