Abstract
With the increase of human lifespan and refinement of diagnostic techniques dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in particular, have become a multi-decade process with a complex pathogenesis. The prognosis of AD patients, especially in late stages, may be strongly influenced by factors that go far beyond the well-recognized cascades (tau deposition, amyloid plaques). In this context, AD and Frailty, a multidimensional process of the elderly, inevitably overlap. Not surprisingly, the routine biomarkers collectable in the cerebrospinal fluid, while highly relevant in allowing specific diagnoses, becoming limiting when used to define severity and rate of progression of cognitive impairment. In reviewing merits and pitfalls of routine cerebrospinal fluid profile for AD, this manuscript will examine the state-of-theart related to a parallel field, the extrapyramidal disorders. For synucleinopathies, we will discuss the possibility to detect factors directly involved in earliest disease pathology (alpha-synuclein, tau-proteins) together with indexes of disease progression (i.e. dopamine-metabolite ratio and loss of blood-brain barrier integrity). This approach might guarantee the capability of monitoring putative disease-modifying strategies. However, we will show the likelihood that nonconventional approaches already proposed for Frail subjects (such as exercise-mediated neuro-protection) might prove to be a useful aid for an ageing brain already impaired by AD alterations. A crucial test for these hypotheses would be to apply this sort of interventional, and not merely pharmacological, therapy to homogeneous patient cohorts.
Keywords: Ageing, cognition, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, dementia, frailty, neurodegenerative disease.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:Strength and Weaknesses of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Possible Detection of Overlaps with Frailty Process
Volume: 12 Issue: 4
Author(s): Alessandro Stefani, Enrica Olivola, Mario Stampanoni Bassi, Valerio Pisani, Paola Imbriani, Antonio Pisani and Mariangela Pierantozzi
Affiliation:
Keywords: Ageing, cognition, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, dementia, frailty, neurodegenerative disease.
Abstract: With the increase of human lifespan and refinement of diagnostic techniques dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in particular, have become a multi-decade process with a complex pathogenesis. The prognosis of AD patients, especially in late stages, may be strongly influenced by factors that go far beyond the well-recognized cascades (tau deposition, amyloid plaques). In this context, AD and Frailty, a multidimensional process of the elderly, inevitably overlap. Not surprisingly, the routine biomarkers collectable in the cerebrospinal fluid, while highly relevant in allowing specific diagnoses, becoming limiting when used to define severity and rate of progression of cognitive impairment. In reviewing merits and pitfalls of routine cerebrospinal fluid profile for AD, this manuscript will examine the state-of-theart related to a parallel field, the extrapyramidal disorders. For synucleinopathies, we will discuss the possibility to detect factors directly involved in earliest disease pathology (alpha-synuclein, tau-proteins) together with indexes of disease progression (i.e. dopamine-metabolite ratio and loss of blood-brain barrier integrity). This approach might guarantee the capability of monitoring putative disease-modifying strategies. However, we will show the likelihood that nonconventional approaches already proposed for Frail subjects (such as exercise-mediated neuro-protection) might prove to be a useful aid for an ageing brain already impaired by AD alterations. A crucial test for these hypotheses would be to apply this sort of interventional, and not merely pharmacological, therapy to homogeneous patient cohorts.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Stefani Alessandro, Olivola Enrica, Bassi Stampanoni Mario, Pisani Valerio, Imbriani Paola, Pisani Antonio and Pierantozzi Mariangela, Strength and Weaknesses of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Alzheimer’s Disease and Possible Detection of Overlaps with Frailty Process, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2013; 12 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527311312040016
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527311312040016 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system infectious diseases
Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) can be divided into bacterial, tuberculous, viral, fungal, parasitic infections, etc. Early etiological treatment is often the most crucial means to reduce the mortality rate of patients with central nervous system infections, reduce complications and sequelae, and improve prognosis. The initial clinical ...read more
Trends and perspectives in the rational management of CNS disorders
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases enforce a significant global health burden, driving ongoing efforts to improve our understanding and effectiveness of therapy. This issue investigates current advances in the discipline, focusing on the understanding as well as therapeutic handling of various CNS diseases. The issue covers a variety of diseases, ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Cognitive Enhancement
Current Pharmaceutical Design Longitudinal Neuropsychological Outcome in Taiwanese Alzheimer's Disease Patients Treated with Medication
Current Alzheimer Research Functional Neuroimaging in Memory and Memory Disturbances
Current Medical Imaging Therapeutic Potential of Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors for Endothelial Dysfunction- Related Diseases
Current Pharmaceutical Design New Trends in the Design of Drugs Against Alzheimers Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Alterations in the Expression of Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzymes mRNA in Alzheimer Peripheral Blood
Current Alzheimer Research FDG-PET/CT for Systemic Infections
Current Molecular Imaging (Discontinued) Discovery and Optimization of Pyrazoline Derivatives As Promising Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Dietary Patterns in Alzheimers Disease and Cognitive Aging
Current Alzheimer Research Role of Environmental Contaminants in the Etiology of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review
Current Alzheimer Research VDAC-Targeted Drugs Affecting Cytoprotection and Mitochondrial Physiology in Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Colostral Proline-Rich Polypeptides - Immunoregulatory Properties and Prospects of Therapeutic Use in Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors as a Starting Point Towards Improved Alzheimers Disease Therapeutics
Current Pharmaceutical Design Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) - Amyloid-β-Peptide Complexes in Alzheimers Disease. The Wnt Signaling Pathway
Current Alzheimer Research Patient-Specific Modeling and Multi-Scale Blood Simulation for Computational Hemodynamic Study on the Human Cerebrovascular System
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Molecular Mechanisms of Thiamine Utilization.
Current Molecular Medicine Diffuse Correlation Spectroscopy (DCS): A Diagnostic Tool for Assessing Tissue Blood Flow in Vascular-Related Diseases and Therapies
Current Medical Imaging Tau Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Alzheimers Disease
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Non-Pharmacological Approaches to the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease with Respect to the Rising Treatment Costs
Current Alzheimer Research Non-Amyloid PET Imaging Biomarkers for Neurodegeneration: Focus on Tau, Alpha-Synuclein and Neuroinflammation
Current Alzheimer Research