Abstract
Dietary fish oil, a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), has become increasingly popular for antidepressant therapy, in part because about half of patients treated with conventional antidepressants either fail to remit or discontinue therapy due to side effects. The inception of n-3 PUFA as a putative depression therapeutic may have stemmed from reports suggesting that dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency is linked to both altered membrane PUFA content as well as clinical depression. Several studies have examined n-3 PUFA treatment in depression, either singly or in combination with conventional antidepressant drugs. While results have been encouraging, fish oil treatment remains controversial. At least some of the reason for this is the lack of a defined site of action for n-3 PUFA that would be consistent with an antidepressant effect. This review will address this issue. While it is possible, even likely, that n-3 PUFA have multiple sites of action, this chapter will focus on sites at which n-3 PUFA modify G protein signaling and how those sites relate to both depression and antidepressant action. Much of the focus herein will be on specialized membrane domains (lipid rafts) and the effects that agents modifying those rafts have on elements of G protein signaling cascades. The relevance of specific alterations of G protein signaling for both depression and antidepressant action will be discussed, as will the ability for n-3 PUFA to act either as an antidepressant or in concert with conventional antidepressants.
Keywords: G-protein, lipid raft, depression, antidepressant, fatty acids, fish oil.
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets
Title:G-Protein Signaling, Lipid Rafts and the Possible Sites of Action for the Antidepressant Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Volume: 12 Issue: 4
Author(s): Andrew H. Czysz and Mark. M. Rasenick
Affiliation:
Keywords: G-protein, lipid raft, depression, antidepressant, fatty acids, fish oil.
Abstract: Dietary fish oil, a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), has become increasingly popular for antidepressant therapy, in part because about half of patients treated with conventional antidepressants either fail to remit or discontinue therapy due to side effects. The inception of n-3 PUFA as a putative depression therapeutic may have stemmed from reports suggesting that dietary n-3 PUFA deficiency is linked to both altered membrane PUFA content as well as clinical depression. Several studies have examined n-3 PUFA treatment in depression, either singly or in combination with conventional antidepressant drugs. While results have been encouraging, fish oil treatment remains controversial. At least some of the reason for this is the lack of a defined site of action for n-3 PUFA that would be consistent with an antidepressant effect. This review will address this issue. While it is possible, even likely, that n-3 PUFA have multiple sites of action, this chapter will focus on sites at which n-3 PUFA modify G protein signaling and how those sites relate to both depression and antidepressant action. Much of the focus herein will be on specialized membrane domains (lipid rafts) and the effects that agents modifying those rafts have on elements of G protein signaling cascades. The relevance of specific alterations of G protein signaling for both depression and antidepressant action will be discussed, as will the ability for n-3 PUFA to act either as an antidepressant or in concert with conventional antidepressants.
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Cite this article as:
Czysz H. Andrew and Rasenick M. Mark., G-Protein Signaling, Lipid Rafts and the Possible Sites of Action for the Antidepressant Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets 2013; 12 (4) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527311312040005
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871527311312040005 |
Print ISSN 1871-5273 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1996-3181 |
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