Abstract
Immune system activation and inflammation are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including infections, autoimmunity and malignancy as well as allergy and asthma. The incidence of allergy and asthma has significantly increased during the past decades. Still the background of this phenomenon is not well understood. The contribution of life style and habits are heavily discussed. Among them is a too clean environment which may predispose individuals to an increased sensitivity to allergic responses. Also dietary habits have changed drastically in the Western world, and it appears that especially the increased use of antioxidant food supplements, preservatives and colorants could be of relevance. In vitro experiments show that typical antioxidant compounds like vitamin C and E and the stilbene resveratrol as well as food preservatives such as sulfite, benzoate and sorbic acid and also colorants like curcumin exert significant suppressive effects on the T helper (h)1 immune activation cascade in freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Obviously, antioxidant compounds interfere with central immunoregulatory pathways such as tryptophan breakdown via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and neopterin production by GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GCH). Results show an anti-inflammatory property of antioxidants which could shift the Th1-Th2-type immune balance towards Th2-type immunity that is of utmost importance in allergic responses. Additionally, food preservatives reduce the number of pathogens to which humans are exposed by their diet, so that in agreement with the hygiene hypothesis the likelihood of allergy might increase. This review article discusses the beneficial effects which antioxidants may have to counteract inflammatory diseases, but also their potential in the increase of allergy and asthma in the Western world and their involvement in the obesity epidemic.
Keywords: Antioxidant, nitric oxide, neopterin, Th1-Th2-type immune balance, tryptophan.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Immunoregulatory Impact of Food Antioxidants
Volume: 20 Issue: 6
Author(s): Johanna Gostner, Christian Ciardi, Kathrin Becker, Dietmar Fuchs and Robert Sucher
Affiliation:
Keywords: Antioxidant, nitric oxide, neopterin, Th1-Th2-type immune balance, tryptophan.
Abstract: Immune system activation and inflammation are deeply involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases including infections, autoimmunity and malignancy as well as allergy and asthma. The incidence of allergy and asthma has significantly increased during the past decades. Still the background of this phenomenon is not well understood. The contribution of life style and habits are heavily discussed. Among them is a too clean environment which may predispose individuals to an increased sensitivity to allergic responses. Also dietary habits have changed drastically in the Western world, and it appears that especially the increased use of antioxidant food supplements, preservatives and colorants could be of relevance. In vitro experiments show that typical antioxidant compounds like vitamin C and E and the stilbene resveratrol as well as food preservatives such as sulfite, benzoate and sorbic acid and also colorants like curcumin exert significant suppressive effects on the T helper (h)1 immune activation cascade in freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Obviously, antioxidant compounds interfere with central immunoregulatory pathways such as tryptophan breakdown via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and neopterin production by GTP-cyclohydrolase I (GCH). Results show an anti-inflammatory property of antioxidants which could shift the Th1-Th2-type immune balance towards Th2-type immunity that is of utmost importance in allergic responses. Additionally, food preservatives reduce the number of pathogens to which humans are exposed by their diet, so that in agreement with the hygiene hypothesis the likelihood of allergy might increase. This review article discusses the beneficial effects which antioxidants may have to counteract inflammatory diseases, but also their potential in the increase of allergy and asthma in the Western world and their involvement in the obesity epidemic.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Gostner Johanna, Ciardi Christian, Becker Kathrin, Fuchs Dietmar and Sucher Robert, Immunoregulatory Impact of Food Antioxidants, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2014; 20 (6) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990047
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/13816128113199990047 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Psychopharmacologic Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder: A Review
Adolescent Psychiatry Determination of Ethinylestradiol and Levo-Norgestrel Using Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography
Current Analytical Chemistry Stem Cell Factor: A Hemopoietic Cytokine with Important Targets in Asthma
Current Drug Targets - Inflammation & Allergy Inhaled KMUP-1 Prevents Allergic Pulmonary Vascular Inflammation and Remodeling via NO and Suppressed MMP-9 and ICAM-1/VCAM-1
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) New Synthetic Antibiotics for the Treatment of Enterococcus and Campylobacter Infection
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Obesity as a Model of Premature Immunosenescence
Current Immunology Reviews (Discontinued) Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacotherapy of Military Personnel Suffering from Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
Current Neuropharmacology The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Regulated Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Glioma
Current Pharmaceutical Design The Effects of Statin Therapy on the Human Airway
Drug Metabolism Letters Reliability of Virtual Screening Methods in Prediction of PDE4Binhibitor Activity
Current Drug Discovery Technologies Short, but Highly Concentrated, Direct Inhalations of Essential Oil Molecules Improve Poor Sleep Quality: A Natural History Controlled, Withingroup, Self-administration Field Pilot Study
Current Psychopharmacology Primate-Accelerated Evolutionary Genes: Novel Routes to Drug Discovery in Psychiatric Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry Platelet Resistance to the Anti-Aggregating Agents in the Insulin Resistant States
Current Diabetes Reviews A3 Adenosine Receptor Antagonists
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Safety of Inhaled Corticosteroids. Why the Variation in Systemic Adverse Effects?
Current Pediatric Reviews Cardiomyopathy of Pregnancy
Current Women`s Health Reviews Drug-Like Inhibitors of Protein-Protein Interactions: A Structural Examination of Effective Protein Mimicry
Current Protein & Peptide Science Immune Response Studies Based on P2X7 Receptors: A Mini-Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Modulation of the Maturing Gut Barrier and Microbiota: A Novel Target in Allergic Disease
Current Pharmaceutical Design Role of P-gp and HDAC2 and their Reciprocal Relationship in Uncontrolled Asthma
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology