Abstract
Carbon Monoxide (CO), long thought to be a simple environmental pollutant is now known to have a critical role in cellular functions ranging from vasodilation to circadian rhythms. In this review, we will begin with a discussion of the enzyme responsible for CO production: heme oxygenase. Because this review will focus on the effects of CO in the brain, we will transition to CO toxicology and determine if this simple diatomic gas has really earned its nefarious reputation. An in depth analysis of the roles for CO in circadian rhythms and as a gasotransmitter will be provided in the neurological functional role section, followed by its vascular effects derived mainly from interactions with soluble guanylyl cyclase. We will then describe the evidence for CO’s protective roles through the MAPK pathway, and finally touch upon the potential therapeutic roles for CO in neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain.
Keywords: Carbon monoxide, heme oxygenase, stroke, brain, intracerebral hemorrhage, protective
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Carbon Monoxide and the Brain: Time to Rethink the Dogma
Volume: 19 Issue: 15
Author(s): Khalid A. Hanafy, Justin Oh and Leo E. Otterbein
Affiliation:
Keywords: Carbon monoxide, heme oxygenase, stroke, brain, intracerebral hemorrhage, protective
Abstract: Carbon Monoxide (CO), long thought to be a simple environmental pollutant is now known to have a critical role in cellular functions ranging from vasodilation to circadian rhythms. In this review, we will begin with a discussion of the enzyme responsible for CO production: heme oxygenase. Because this review will focus on the effects of CO in the brain, we will transition to CO toxicology and determine if this simple diatomic gas has really earned its nefarious reputation. An in depth analysis of the roles for CO in circadian rhythms and as a gasotransmitter will be provided in the neurological functional role section, followed by its vascular effects derived mainly from interactions with soluble guanylyl cyclase. We will then describe the evidence for CO’s protective roles through the MAPK pathway, and finally touch upon the potential therapeutic roles for CO in neurological diseases including ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, and neuropathic pain.
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Cite this article as:
A. Hanafy Khalid, Oh Justin and E. Otterbein Leo, Carbon Monoxide and the Brain: Time to Rethink the Dogma, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2013; 19 (15) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319150013
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319150013 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
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