Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. LOAD has a complex and largely unknown etiology with strong genetic determinants. Genetics of LOAD is known to involve several genetic risk factors among which the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene seems to be the major recognized genetic determinant. Recent efforts have been made to identify other genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of LOAD such as genes associated with a deficit of neurotrophic factors in the AD brain. Genetic variations of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and transforming-growth-factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are known to increase the risk to develop LOAD and have also been related to depression susceptibility in LOAD. Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 (TGF- β1) is a neurotrophic factor that exerts neuroprotective effects against β-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests that a specific impairment in the signaling of TGF-β is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. TGF-β1 protein levels are predominantly under genetic control, and the TGF-β1 gene, located on chromosome 19q13.1–3, contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) upstream and in the transcript region, such as the SNP at codon +10 (T/C) and +25 (G/C), which is known to influence the level of expression of TGF-β1. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on genetic risk factors for LOAD, focusing on the role of the TGF-β1 gene, finally discussing the possible implications of these genetic studies for the selection of patients eligible for neuroprotective strategies in AD.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Depression, Drugs, Genetic polymorphism, Risk factor, Transforming-growth-factor-β1
Current Genomics
Title:Role of the Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 Gene in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for the Treatment
Volume: 14 Issue: 2
Author(s): Paolo Bosco, Raffaele Ferri, Maria Grazia Salluzzo, Sabrina Castellano, Maria Signorelli, Ferdinando Nicoletti, Santo Di Nuovo, Filippo Drago and Filippo Caraci
Affiliation:
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, Depression, Drugs, Genetic polymorphism, Risk factor, Transforming-growth-factor-β1
Abstract: Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. LOAD has a complex and largely unknown etiology with strong genetic determinants. Genetics of LOAD is known to involve several genetic risk factors among which the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene seems to be the major recognized genetic determinant. Recent efforts have been made to identify other genetic factors involved in the pathophysiology of LOAD such as genes associated with a deficit of neurotrophic factors in the AD brain. Genetic variations of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and transforming-growth-factor-β1 (TGF-β1) are known to increase the risk to develop LOAD and have also been related to depression susceptibility in LOAD. Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 (TGF- β1) is a neurotrophic factor that exerts neuroprotective effects against β-amyloid-induced neurodegeneration. Recent evidence suggests that a specific impairment in the signaling of TGF-β is an early event in the pathogenesis of AD. TGF-β1 protein levels are predominantly under genetic control, and the TGF-β1 gene, located on chromosome 19q13.1–3, contains several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) upstream and in the transcript region, such as the SNP at codon +10 (T/C) and +25 (G/C), which is known to influence the level of expression of TGF-β1. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on genetic risk factors for LOAD, focusing on the role of the TGF-β1 gene, finally discussing the possible implications of these genetic studies for the selection of patients eligible for neuroprotective strategies in AD.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bosco Paolo, Ferri Raffaele, Grazia Salluzzo Maria, Castellano Sabrina, Signorelli Maria, Nicoletti Ferdinando, Di Nuovo Santo, Drago Filippo and Caraci Filippo, Role of the Transforming-Growth-Factor-β1 Gene in Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for the Treatment, Current Genomics 2013; 14 (2) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202911314020007
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389202911314020007 |
Print ISSN 1389-2029 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5488 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis
The thematic issue on "Advanced AI Techniques in Big Genomic Data Analysis" aims to explore the cutting-edge methodologies and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the realm of genomic research, where vast amounts of data pose both challenges and opportunities. This issue will cover a broad spectrum of AI-driven strategies, ...read more
Advanced Computational Algorithms and Artificial Intelligence in Clinical Pharmacogenomics
In the era of personalized medicine, understanding the relationship between genetics and drug response is crucial. This issue delves into innovative methodologies, leveraging deep computational analysis and artificial intelligence, to enhance the field of Clinical Pharmacogenomics. The interdisciplinary approach harnesses the power of advanced high-throughput genotyping technologies, sophisticated computational analysis, ...read more
Applications of Single-cell Sequencing Technology in Reproductive Medicine
Single cell sequencing (SCS) technology utilizes individual cells' genetic material to sequence their genome, transcriptome, and epigenetics at the molecular level. It offers insights into cell heterogeneity and enables the study of limited biological materials. Since its recognition as a valuable technique in 2011, single cell sequencing has yielded numerous ...read more
Big Data in Cancer Research
Cancer is a significant threat to human life and health, remaining a highly aggressive killer. It is a leading cause of death worldwide and represents a crucial medical issue for humanity. However, in the past decade, the effectiveness of new synthetic anticancer agents has not matched the current clinical speculation. ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
Mannose Binding Lectin: A Potential Biomarker for Many Human Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Atorvastatin and Diabetic Vascular Complications
Current Pharmaceutical Design Influence of Diabetes on the Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Natural Polyphenols
Current Drug Metabolism Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Flavonoids as Sirtuin Modulators
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry Treatment of Hypertension in Chronic Kidney Disease: Does one Size Fit All? A Narrative Review from a Nephrologist’s Perspective
Current Hypertension Reviews In Search for the Troponin of the Kidney
Current Medicinal Chemistry Choosing a Revascularization Strategy in Patients with Diabetes and Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Complex Decision
Current Cardiology Reviews Stenting Renal Artery Stenosis: What is the Fuss All About?
Reviews on Recent Clinical Trials Oxidative-Nitrosative Stress as a Contributing Factor to Cardiovascular Disease in Subjects with Diabetes
Current Vascular Pharmacology Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists and Cardiovascular Disease: Do We Need a Change of the Guard?
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Plant Terpenes on Treating Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease: A Review
Protein & Peptide Letters Immediate and Late Adverse Reactions to Iodinated Contrast Media: A Pharmacological Point of View
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Genetics in Diabetic Retinopathy: Current Concepts and New Insights
Current Genomics New Strategies for Managing Anemia of Chronic Kidney Disease
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry IGF-1R Inhibitor Ameliorates Diabetic Nephropathy with Suppressed HMGN1/TLR4 Pathway
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Lysophospholipids: Their Generation, Physiological Role and Detection. Are They Important Disease Markers?
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry Role of CYP2E1 in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Hepatic Injury by Alcohol and Non-Alcoholic Substances
Current Molecular Pharmacology Metalloprotein Inhibitors for the Treatment of Human Diseases
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry The Importance of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers in Renal Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry