Abstract
Proteinases and their inhibitors play essential functional roles in basic biological processes in both hosts and pathogens. Endo/lysosomal cathepsins participate in immune response in pathogen recognition and elimination. They are essential for both antigen processing and presentation (host adaptive immune response) and activation of endosomal Toll like receptors (innate immune response). Pathogens can produce proteases and also natural inhibitors to subvert the host immune response. Several pathogens are sensed through the intracellular pathogen recognition receptors, but only some of them use the host proteolytic system to escape into the cytosol. In this review, I provide an update on the most recent developments regarding the role of proteinases and their inhibitors in the initiation and regulation of immune responses.
Keywords: Bacteria, immune response, protease/cysteine proteinase, proteinase inhibitor, virus, Cysteine Cathepsins, Endogenous Protein Inhibitors, Dendritic Cells, CMKLR1, C-terminus
Current Protein & Peptide Science
Title:The Role of Cysteine Proteinases and their Inhibitors in the Host-Pathogen Cross Talk
Volume: 13 Issue: 8
Author(s): Natasa Kopitar-Jerala
Affiliation:
Keywords: Bacteria, immune response, protease/cysteine proteinase, proteinase inhibitor, virus, Cysteine Cathepsins, Endogenous Protein Inhibitors, Dendritic Cells, CMKLR1, C-terminus
Abstract: Proteinases and their inhibitors play essential functional roles in basic biological processes in both hosts and pathogens. Endo/lysosomal cathepsins participate in immune response in pathogen recognition and elimination. They are essential for both antigen processing and presentation (host adaptive immune response) and activation of endosomal Toll like receptors (innate immune response). Pathogens can produce proteases and also natural inhibitors to subvert the host immune response. Several pathogens are sensed through the intracellular pathogen recognition receptors, but only some of them use the host proteolytic system to escape into the cytosol. In this review, I provide an update on the most recent developments regarding the role of proteinases and their inhibitors in the initiation and regulation of immune responses.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Kopitar-Jerala Natasa, The Role of Cysteine Proteinases and their Inhibitors in the Host-Pathogen Cross Talk, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2012; 13 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203711213080006
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203711213080006 |
Print ISSN 1389-2037 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-5550 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
Advancements in Proteomic and Peptidomic Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy: Unveiling the Immune Microenvironment
The scope of this thematic issue centers on the integration of proteomic and peptidomic technologies into the field of cancer immunotherapy, with a particular emphasis on exploring the tumor immune microenvironment. This issue aims to gather contributions that illustrate the application of these advanced methodologies in unveiling the complex interplay ...read more
Artificial Intelligence for Protein Research
Protein research, essential for understanding biological processes and creating therapeutics, faces challenges due to the intricate nature of protein structures and functions. Traditional methods are limited in exploring the vast protein sequence space efficiently. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) offer promising solutions by improving predictions and speeding up ...read more
Nutrition and Metabolism in Musculoskeletal Diseases
The musculoskeletal system consists mainly of cartilage, bone, muscles, tendons, connective tissue and ligaments. Balanced metabolism is of vital importance for the homeostasis of the musculoskeletal system. A series of musculoskeletal diseases (for example, sarcopenia, osteoporosis) are resulted from the dysregulated metabolism of the musculoskeletal system. Furthermore, metabolic diseases (such ...read more
Protein Folding, Aggregation and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation
Protein folding, misfolding and aggregation remain one of the main problems of interdisciplinary science not only because many questions are still open, but also because they are important from the point of view of practical application. Protein aggregation and formation of fibrillar structures, for example, is a hallmark of a ...read more
Related Journals
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
Does SARS-CoV-2 Affect Male Urogenital System?
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The Antiviral and Antimalarial Drug Repurposing in Quest of Chemotherapeutics to Combat COVID-19 Utilizing Structure-Based Molecular Docking
Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase in Regulation of the Pulmonary Circulation
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews Biomarkers of Cell Damage Induced by Oxidative Stress in Parkinsons Disease and Related Models
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Novel Antiviral Strategies to Combat Human Arenavirus Infections
Current Molecular Medicine Role of ABC Transporters in Veterinary Medicine: Pharmaco- Toxicological Implications
Current Medicinal Chemistry Trait Anger, Hostility, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetes- Related Complications: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies
Current Diabetes Reviews Non-Systemic Drugs: A Critical Review
Current Pharmaceutical Design Evaluation of the Risk/Benefit Ratio of Old and New Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Circulating Biochemical Markers of Brain Damage in Infants Complicated by Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis of trans-fused Octahydroisoindole-1-carboxylic Acids
Letters in Organic Chemistry Medicinal Chemistry of P2X Receptors: Allosteric Modulators
Current Medicinal Chemistry Designed Multiple Ligands: Basic Research vs Clinical Outcomes
Current Medicinal Chemistry Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Implications for Combination with Conventional Therapies
Current Pharmaceutical Design Synthesis and Screening of Substituted Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives: An Approach towards Novel Anticonvulsant Search
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Preface
Current Cancer Therapy Reviews New Features that Improve the Pharmacophore Tools from Accelrys
Current Computer-Aided Drug Design Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Alkaline Phosphatase in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Recent Patents on Inflammation & Allergy Drug Discovery A Pan-Cancer Review of <i>ALK</i> Mutations: Implications for Carcinogenesis and Therapy
Current Cancer Drug Targets Management of Dyslipidaemia for the Prevention of Stroke: Clinical Practice Recommendations from the Lipid Association of India
Current Vascular Pharmacology