Abstract
Background: The validity of experimentally induced panic attacks as a model to study the pathophysiology of panic disorder has been questioned. Unspecific, unpleasant and aversive effects as well as specific patterns of psychovegetative symptoms pointing to different subtypes of panic disorder patients have been observed. These findings raise the question of challenge paradigms as a valuable tool to identify different vulnerabilities in patients with panic disorder.
Methods: We compared the two most widely studied panicogenic drugs sodium lactate and cholecystokinine tetrapeptide (CCK-4) with placebo in 25 patients with panic disorder and matched healthy control subjects. Psychophysiological changes were measured using the Acute Panic Inventory (API) and visual analogue scales for anxiety and arousal. Results: In patients with panic disorder 18 out of 25 experienced a sodium lactate- or a CCK-4 induced panic attack. Lactate or CCK-4 induced symptoms and induced panic attacks were only correlated in healthy controls, but not in patients with panic disorder. Conclusion: The mechanisms of lactate and CCK-4 induced panic attacks are distinct in panic disorder patients but not in healthy controls. Different neurobiological vulnerabilities may be uncovered by different challenges.Keywords: Panic disorder, CCK-4, lactate, acute panic inventory, panicogenic activity
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Distinct Panicogenic Activity of Sodium Lactate and Cholecystokinin Tetrapeptide in Patients with Panic Disorder
Volume: 18 Issue: 35
Author(s): Jens Plag, Katharina Gaudlitz, Elisabeth Zschucke, Alexander Yassouridis, Lena Pyrkosch, Andre Wittmann, Florian Holsboer and Andreas Strohle
Affiliation:
Keywords: Panic disorder, CCK-4, lactate, acute panic inventory, panicogenic activity
Abstract: Background: The validity of experimentally induced panic attacks as a model to study the pathophysiology of panic disorder has been questioned. Unspecific, unpleasant and aversive effects as well as specific patterns of psychovegetative symptoms pointing to different subtypes of panic disorder patients have been observed. These findings raise the question of challenge paradigms as a valuable tool to identify different vulnerabilities in patients with panic disorder.
Methods: We compared the two most widely studied panicogenic drugs sodium lactate and cholecystokinine tetrapeptide (CCK-4) with placebo in 25 patients with panic disorder and matched healthy control subjects. Psychophysiological changes were measured using the Acute Panic Inventory (API) and visual analogue scales for anxiety and arousal. Results: In patients with panic disorder 18 out of 25 experienced a sodium lactate- or a CCK-4 induced panic attack. Lactate or CCK-4 induced symptoms and induced panic attacks were only correlated in healthy controls, but not in patients with panic disorder. Conclusion: The mechanisms of lactate and CCK-4 induced panic attacks are distinct in panic disorder patients but not in healthy controls. Different neurobiological vulnerabilities may be uncovered by different challenges.Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Plag Jens, Gaudlitz Katharina, Zschucke Elisabeth, Yassouridis Alexander, Pyrkosch Lena, Wittmann Andre, Holsboer Florian and Strohle Andreas, Distinct Panicogenic Activity of Sodium Lactate and Cholecystokinin Tetrapeptide in Patients with Panic Disorder, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (35) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212803530808
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212803530808 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
FMRI in Pediatric Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Current Pediatric Reviews The Role of TMP21 in Trafficking and Amyloid-β Precursor Protein (APP) Processing in Alzheimer’s Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Spatial Correlations between the Vacuolation, Prion Protein (PrPsc) Deposits and the Cerebral Blood Vessels in Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Current Neurovascular Research The Effect of SEX/Gender on Cardiovascular Pharmacology
Current Pharmaceutical Design Brain Perfusion SPECT with Brodmann Areas Analysis in Differentiating Frontotemporal Dementia Subtypes
Current Alzheimer Research Herbal and Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus
Current Diabetes Reviews HSP60 as a Drug Target
Current Pharmaceutical Design Synthetic Methods Applied in the Preparation of Coumarin-based Compounds
Current Organic Chemistry Functionalization of the Carbonyl Group in Position 6 of Morphinan-6-ones. Development of Novel 6-Amino and 6-Guanidino Substituted 14-Alkoxymorphinans
Current Pharmaceutical Design ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO REVIEWERS
Current Neuropharmacology Sex Hormones and their Analogues in Neuroimmune Biology
Immunology, Endocrine & Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Discontinued) Self-Assembled Nanoparticles of Natural Phytochemicals (Berberine and 3,4,5-Methoxycinnamic Acid) Originated from Traditional Chinese Medicine for Inhibiting Multidrug-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
Current Drug Delivery Pain and Child: A Translational Hypothesis on the Pathophysiology of a Mild Type-2 Diabetes Model
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets GABAergic Microcircuits in Alzheimer's Disease Models
Current Alzheimer Research Pharmacological and Toxicological Profile of Harmane-β-Carboline Alkaloid: Friend or Foe
Current Drug Metabolism α-Synuclein- and MPTP-Generated Rodent Models of Parkinsons Disease and the Study of Extracellular Striatal Dopamine Dynamics: A Microdialysis Approach
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets Cholinesterase Inhibitors Modulate Autonomic Function in Patients with Alzheimer´s Disease and Mixed Dementia
Current Alzheimer Research 5-Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase and the Metabolic Syndrome
Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer Disease and Aging: Antioxidants
Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry The Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor: A Promising Therapeutic Drug Target
Current Medicinal Chemistry