Abstract
The oral mucosa offers an interesting site for the application of dosage forms that release drugs within/throughout the oral mucosa, by assuring a high drug bioavailability for topic and systemic effects. However, the relative permeability of the oral mucosa and the washing effect related to the oral fluids and mechanical stresses must be considered in the formulation of oral dosage forms. Since a sustained drug release can be guaranteed only if dosage forms remain in contact with the oral site of absorption/application for a prolonged time, the development of mucoadhesive dosage forms is mandatory. The mucoadhesion is a complex phenomenon and the mucoadhesive bond consists of two different parts, the mucoadhesive polymers and the mucous substrate. In addition to factors related to the oral mucosa and oral environment features, the physical-chemical characteristics of mucoadhesive polymers must be also considered as factors influencing the mucoadhesive bonds. While it is not possible to modify the mucosal features or it is possible to modify or inhibit only in part certain mucosal processes, the knowledge of polymer properties influencing mucoadhesive bonds allows to modify or to control these properties in developing increasingly effective mucoadhesive systems. The aims of this review are to discuss the several mechanisms and factors behind the phenomenon of mucoadhesion with particular reference to the features of the oral environment, oral mucosa, and polymeric compounds influencing mucoadhesion process. Finally, a brief mention to the main mucoadhesive dosage forms designed for oral transmucosal drug delivery is made.
Keywords: Mucoadhesion, oral transmucosal drug delivery, dosage form, drug controlled-release, mucoadhesive polymers, oral mucosa, mucosal permeability, drug bioavailability, oral fluids, mechanical stresses.
Current Pharmaceutical Design
Title:Mucoadhesive Polymers for Oral Transmucosal Drug Delivery: A Review
Volume: 18 Issue: 34
Author(s): Jose’ Bagan, Carlo Paderni, Nicoletta Termine, Giuseppina Campisi, Lucio Lo Russo, Domenico Compilato and Olga Di Fede
Affiliation:
Keywords: Mucoadhesion, oral transmucosal drug delivery, dosage form, drug controlled-release, mucoadhesive polymers, oral mucosa, mucosal permeability, drug bioavailability, oral fluids, mechanical stresses.
Abstract: The oral mucosa offers an interesting site for the application of dosage forms that release drugs within/throughout the oral mucosa, by assuring a high drug bioavailability for topic and systemic effects. However, the relative permeability of the oral mucosa and the washing effect related to the oral fluids and mechanical stresses must be considered in the formulation of oral dosage forms. Since a sustained drug release can be guaranteed only if dosage forms remain in contact with the oral site of absorption/application for a prolonged time, the development of mucoadhesive dosage forms is mandatory. The mucoadhesion is a complex phenomenon and the mucoadhesive bond consists of two different parts, the mucoadhesive polymers and the mucous substrate. In addition to factors related to the oral mucosa and oral environment features, the physical-chemical characteristics of mucoadhesive polymers must be also considered as factors influencing the mucoadhesive bonds. While it is not possible to modify the mucosal features or it is possible to modify or inhibit only in part certain mucosal processes, the knowledge of polymer properties influencing mucoadhesive bonds allows to modify or to control these properties in developing increasingly effective mucoadhesive systems. The aims of this review are to discuss the several mechanisms and factors behind the phenomenon of mucoadhesion with particular reference to the features of the oral environment, oral mucosa, and polymeric compounds influencing mucoadhesion process. Finally, a brief mention to the main mucoadhesive dosage forms designed for oral transmucosal drug delivery is made.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
Bagan Jose’, Paderni Carlo, Termine Nicoletta, Campisi Giuseppina, Lo Russo Lucio, Compilato Domenico and Di Fede Olga, Mucoadhesive Polymers for Oral Transmucosal Drug Delivery: A Review, Current Pharmaceutical Design 2012; 18 (34) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212803307545
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161212803307545 |
Print ISSN 1381-6128 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4286 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
"Tuberculosis Prevention, Diagnosis and Drug Discovery"
The Nobel Prize-winning discoveries of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and streptomycin have enabled an appropriate diagnosis and an effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Since then, many newer diagnosis methods and drugs have been saving millions of lives. Despite advances in the past, TB is still a leading cause of infectious disease mortality ...read more
Current Pharmaceutical challenges in the treatment and diagnosis of neurological dysfunctions
Neurological dysfunctions (MND, ALS, MS, PD, AD, HD, ALS, Autism, OCD etc..) present significant challenges in both diagnosis and treatment, often necessitating innovative approaches and therapeutic interventions. This thematic issue aims to explore the current pharmaceutical landscape surrounding neurological disorders, shedding light on the challenges faced by researchers, clinicians, and ...read more
Emerging and re-emerging diseases
Faced with a possible endemic situation of COVID-19, the world has experienced two important phenomena, the emergence of new infectious diseases and/or the resurgence of previously eradicated infectious diseases. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of such diseases has also undergone changes. This context, in turn, may have a strong relationship with ...read more
Melanoma and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Treatment: Standard of Care and Recent Advances
In this thematic issue, we aim to provide a standard of care of the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The editor will invite authors from different countries who will write review articles of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The Diagnosis, Staging, Surgical Treatment, Non-Surgical Treatment all ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
- Announcements
Related Articles
-
The Role of Leukocytes from L-PRP/L-PRF in Wound Healing and Immune Defense: New Perspectives
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Pharmacotherapy Before and After Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Current Vascular Pharmacology Aldosterone and Resistant Hypertension
Current Hypertension Reviews Molecular Bases of Liver Cancer Refractoriness to Pharmacological Treatment
Current Medicinal Chemistry Potent Inhibitory Effects of p7 Inhibitors on Genotype 4 HCV-infected Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Recent Patents on Biomarkers Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Connective Tissue Diseases
Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews The Importance of Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers in Renal Disease
Current Medicinal Chemistry Flow Volumes of Internal Jugular Veins are Significantly Reduced in Patients with Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Current Neurovascular Research Auto-Antibodies As Possible Markers and Mediators of Ischemic, Dilated, and Rhythmic Cardiopathies
Current Drug Targets Patented Novelties in Immunoisolation for the Treatment of Endocrine Disorders
Recent Patents on Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Drug Discovery Signal Transduction Therapy of Diabetic Vascular Complication
Current Signal Transduction Therapy Therapeutic Approaches in the Stimulation of the Coronary Collateral Circulation
Current Cardiology Reviews Current Therapeutic Strategies and Future Perspectives for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidants as a Therapeutic Strategy for Protecting Endothelium in Cardiovascular Diseases
Current Medicinal Chemistry Dietary Interventions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders - An Updated Review of the Research Evidence
Current Clinical Pharmacology Influence of Solution and Process Parameters on the Fabrication of E-Spun Nano Fiber for Wound Healing: A Review
Recent Patents on Nanomedicine Clozapine Safety, 40 Years Later
Current Drug Safety Pharmacokinetic Studies in Infants Using Minimal-Risk Study Designs
Current Clinical Pharmacology Unsafe Abortion: The Silent Endemic; An Avoidable Cause of Maternal Mortality. A Review
Current Women`s Health Reviews The Valsalva Maneuver and Alzheimers Disease: Is there a link?
Current Alzheimer Research